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Introduction to Business Analysis (IIBA - ECBA)

11. Stakeholders External to the Project

Stakeholders external to the Project After completing this topic, you should be able to identify examples of project stakeholders who are outside the project team. Once the project is over, the solution is turned over to operational support for day-to-day management of the solution. This will include maintenance, updates, and enhancements. Some of the roles include the Operational Analyst, whomay provide support to the end user and oranalyze the solution for enhancements or change. The Product Analyst studies the market andis responsible for researching market strategies whichmay result in some solution changes. The Help Desk, as we all know and probably have called a few times, supports the end user and provides feedback on the solution and its issues. A release manager oversees the development and implementation of software releases, so they may accumulate a number of changes. Put them together in a software release, which would then go out to an end user. Customers use products or services that are delivered and enabled by technology. We have end users who use the solution provided through projects and operational support. They use them to complete their day-to-day activities. They use the end product like many of us. We use online shopping and may include participants in the entire business process or just a subset. Operational Support: operational support includes day-to-day management and maintenance. Common operational support roles include operations analyst, product analyst, help desk and release manager, and end user—customers who use products or services. End users interact directly with a solution, are users of the end product, and may include all participants of a business process. Suppliers are external to the business organization, and they provide products such as software or services. For instance, I worked for a call centre organisation that was actually a vendor or supplier, and we created call centre software. The roles include providers, vendors, which are more typical, and consultants. Regulators define and enforce standards for a solution. Regulations are often seen as a constraint or a driver of a solution, and they may be from within the organization. You may have been working with a compliance department, government official, or members of a regulatory body or auditors. The Suppliers: Suppliers are external to an organisation and supply products or services used as inputs. Supplier roles include providers, vendors, and consultants. The regulators define and enforce standards for the solution. Regulators may be from within the organization, government officials, members of regulatory bodies, and auditors. You.

12. Requirements Classification Schema

Requirements classification schema After completing this topic, you should be able to label requirements according to the business analysis. Classification Schema requirements describe the reason for the change. They are recorded in a business requirement document, also known as a BRD. It describes the goals, for example, to manage customer onboarding information to provide better sales and services to those customers. It keeps track of goals like customer hardware. Specifications must be provided within 24 hours of the date of the sale. The requirements include a description of the current state and a description of the determined future state. A high-level description of process, business rules, functionality, and data are included. There is also a description of the stakeholders. This includes the type, so for instance, it might be a manager, the demographics of the stakeholder, their locations, contact information, and other required information. Assumptions are also documented. Assumptions are things that are thought to be true but have not yet been validated. For example, it is assumed that customers will provide the required detailed service area information within 3 hours of completing an order for better management of the project. Business constraints must be documented by the business analyst. These include when the solution must be delivered, the budget, and the technology constraints such as compatibility with specific browsers. Business Requirements Business requirements define the reason for change and encompass goals, objectives, and desired outcomes. A diagram shows there are four requirements: business stakeholder, solution, and transition. Stakeholder requirements describe the needs that must be met. Basically, it bridges the business and solution requirements and provides specific information about the solution to be delivered. For example, a business requirement might read the customer account. Records shall include account number, customer name, customer billing address, customer shipping address, phone number, and website URL. Solution requirements describe the qualities and capabilities the solution must deliver. It's everything needed to create and implement the solution. There are two types of functional requirements for how the system or software application should behave. For example, the system shall calculate the start date of service 30 calendar days from the signature date of the contract, and quality of service is also known as nonfunctional requirements. This describes how well the solution behaves. This can include usability, performance, and system reliability, which describes the time between failures. There are also all these requirements, which would include recording the date and time and the name of the user every time a transaction is entered or modified. Transition requirements are needed to go from the current to a future state. They are temporary and address things like data conversion—moving existing data from an old system to a new system. Stakeholder Requirements Stakeholder requirements describe the need to be met. They breach the business and solution requirements. Solution Requirements Solution requirements concern solution qualities and capabilities and everything needed to create and implement solutions. There are two types of solution requirements: functional and quality of service, and that requires that the data be reviewed, cleaned, and described in a way that the new system can read and record training requirements will describe the number of users to be trained, where and when they should be trained, and the length of the training. It may describe the language the training must be delivered in and how the training will be delivered. For example, in class or online. and finally, business continuity. This describes how the area under change will operate. You might consider running the old system along with the new system. This is called running in parallel. Or perhaps there will be a phased rollout of the functionality to different departments. Transition Requirements Transition requirements are requirements to go from a current to a future state. They are temporary and address data conversion, training, and business continuity.

13. Requirements and Designs

Requirements and Designs After completing this topic, you should be able to differentiate between requirements and designs. Contrary to popular belief, business analysts are responsible for both requirements and designs. The various techniques used to analyse the requirements are also used to design the solution. The business analyst may create a prototype to describe the functionality of the system and identify if there is functionality missing that needs to change or should be removed. It's an iterative process. For example, the prototype could be used to validate the requirements, which may prompt the need for more requirements and a change to the design. Like requirements, designs are communicated at various levels of detail, known as "levels of abstraction." Once the requirements are accepted and turned over to the implementation team, a designer will add more detail to describe the physical level of requirements. In another type of design, requirements focus on meeting a need and are used to create designs with further descriptions for the solution. As mentioned earlier, designs are used to analyse the requirements. These include process models, data models, decision trees, prototypes, and screen captures. the business analyst. Elicits Information. analyses that information to answer questions such as who, what, when, where, how much, and how often. Requirements versus design The business analyst is responsible for requirements and design, and the same techniques are used for both. There is a cycle of relationship distinctions. There is a distinction between requirements and design. Requirements focus on needs as inputs to design, and the business analyst elicits, analyzes, validates, and manages information. Design focuses on solutions and reveals further requirements, and the business analyst provides definition and reviews the final design. The requirements are validated by stakeholders, so designs clarify the requirements by synthesising discrete pieces of information and creating an easy-to-digest picture. The business analyst manages the requirements and therefore must also manage the supporting designs. The business analyst must raise the requirements design to the lower levels provided by the implementation team. Here are a few examples of a requirement versus a design view: six months of sales data across multiple organisation units in a single view. A design might be a sketch of a dashboard. Reduce the amount of time required to pick and pack a customer order. This might be shown in a process model with cycle times attached to it. Record and access a medical patient history. A screen mocap showing specific data fields would be a good design for this requirement. Develop a business strategy and goals and objectives for a new business. You will find these techniques, such as the business capability model, in this body of knowledge. Provide information in English and French. A prototype with text displayed in English and French would be a good design for this requirement.

14. The Requirements and Design Cycle

The requirements and design cycle after completing thistopic, you should be able to recognise characteristicsof the requirements and design cycle. The business analyst will elicit information from the business in the early stages of the requirement cycle to understand goals and objectives. A client wanted, for example, to provide an advertising and rating service for their customer. How it would work was the customerwould view the advertisement online and ratethe advertisement and receive points. Once they reached a certain number of points, the user would get a coupon. The business reason for providing the service was to sell the resulting data to their other customers who needed market information. This resulted in a higher-level process model, which set the tone for eliciting stakeholder requirements. for further understanding the business rules and needs. The stakeholders discussed the process and provided details on what was needed to be achieved at each step. For example, the first step required the user to register. This resulted in requirements that listed the data needed to create a user profile. This included the user's email but also demographic information and the need for the user to indicate his or her birth date. The business rule required that anyone participating in the survey be 18 years old or older, so all of this was documented. Requirements and Design Cycle A continuous cycle illustrates the sequence of requirements and design. Design connects business requirements why do I wantit to stakeholder requirements what are the needs? Then, given the solution requirements, what do I want? And then to the transition requirements: what are the conditions? The cycle then returns to business requirements. After assessing the outcomes, the cycle continues until all requirements are met. The stakeholder requirements resulted in a high leveldata model, data flow diagram, detailed process flowand a paper prototype of the form. The user would need to complete the solution requirements, detail the system behavior, and apply the logic to complete the step, such as calculating the birthdate, the size of the fields, and which fields were mandatory. A screen flow diagram was completed to describe the behaviour of the system when certain tasks were completed. In other words, once the form was completed, which screen would display next, or if the user was underage, which screen would display the decision tree, providing input into what should happen when certain criteria were met or not? The transition requirements used the design to create training for internal staff on processes and expected outcomes. The screen captures, process flows, and used cases were reused to produce accurate information for the staff prior to the launch of the new site. Once the new site was up and running, it was monitored to ensure that the necessary outcomes were being realized. Helpdesk calls were reported to the implementation team and the business analysts, who then assessed the issues to determine if changes to the site were needed. Modifications to the usability of the site were necessary to ensure a hassle-free experience for the end user. which resulted in a review of business requirements, new designs, new requirements and designs, and an update to the website.

15. Exercise: Stakeholders, Requirements and Designs

And now the last set of exercises on stakeholders' requirements and designs. After completing this topic, you should be able to practise concepts related to business analysis, stakeholder requirements, and design. In this exercise, therefore, you are required to practise concepts related to business. analysing stakeholder requirements and designs. Practicing concepts related to business analysis, stakeholder requirements, and design involves several tasks. First, identifying examples of project team stakeholders, identifying examples of project stakeholders who are outside the project team, labelling requirements according to the business analyst classification, differentiating between requirements and designs, and recognising the characteristics of the requirements and the design cycle Let's start with the first question. There are several stakeholders in a project team. Identify the stakeholders in a project team. You have the options of project sponsor, project manager, tester supplier, end user, and subject matter expert. The first option is correct. The project sponsor is usually an executive or senior manager who controls the budget, resources, and allocation for projects and approves project initiatives that align with the goals and objectives of the organization. Option Two: This option is correct. The project manager is responsible for meeting the project objectives and ensuring that it is completed within the allocated time and budget. This option is correct. The third person within a project team, the tester, needs to verify the solution and ensure it meets the specifications. This can be done by creating test cases. The tester is primarily concerned with reducing risks and effects and ensuring that the solution is of high quality. Option Four: This option is correct. Suppliers are external to the organisation and supply products or services that are used as inputs. Option Five: This option is incorrect, and users should use the solution provided to projects and operations support to complete their day-to-day activities. They are not part of the project team. Option Six: This option is correct. A subject matter expert such as a manager, the owner of a process, or a legal expert possesses an in-depth knowledge of the current state and the needs of the operation and can provide valuable input into the solution. As a project team stakeholder, there are several stakeholders external to the project team. Which stakeholders are outside the project team? Here you have the options: vendor, regulator, customer, release manager, project sponsor, and tester. Option One. This option is correct. Vendors are external to the business or organization, and they provide products such as software or services. Option Two: This option is correct. Regulators are external stakeholders who define and enforce standards and regulations for a solution. Examples of regulators include government officials, members of a regulatory body, and auditors. Option Three: This option is correct. Customers are external stakeholders who use products or services that are delivered and enabled by technology. Option Four: This option is correct. A release manager is an external stakeholder who is responsible for overseeing the development and implementation of software releases that are deployed to end users. Option Five: This option is incorrect. The project sponsor is usually an executive or senior manager who is a driving force in defining the needs and developing solutions. The project sponsor decides on the budget and the resource allocation and is therefore a stakeholder from within the project. Option Six this option is incorrect. The tester verifies the solution to ensure it meets the specification and focuses on reducing risk and effects. The tester is therefore a project team stakeholder. You are a business analyst at the hospital and you are implementing a new computer system for monitoring the hospital's prescriptions. You have gathered several requirements, and now you want to identify the requirements category to which each belongs. Match each category to the requirements that you have gathered. Here you have the options: business requirements, stakeholder requirements, solution requirements, transition requirements, and targets. The hospital will install a new state-of-the-art prescription system. The system will have safeguards so that only authorised staff can access patients' confidential information. Duplicate prescriptions will be flagged and require a manual override. Authorized staff will need training to operate the new prescription system. Here, you have the answer. Business requirements are high-level statements that affect the organisation as a whole. Business requirements include the project's objectives. In this case, the objective is to install a new prescription system. Stakeholder requirements describe the needs ofa stakeholder or group of stakeholders. In this case, stakeholders require that only certain staff members have access to confidential patient information. A functional requirement is a subcategory of solution requirements. Functional requirements specify what the system needs to work efficiently. They are concerned with how the system should run in order to achieve the required end result. Transition requirements describe the temporary capabilities that are necessary to transform an organisation from its current state into the desired future. State requirements and design are both key in business analysis. Identify the statements that correctly describe the relationship between requirements and design. Here are the options. Requirements are focused on need, whereas design is focused on solution. Requirements serve as inputs for design. Design can reveal further requirements. The business analyst oversees requirements, whereas the project manager oversees the design. Different techniques are used for analysing requirements and designing solutions. and here you have the answer. Option One is correct. Requirements are representations of stakeholder needs. For example, a need to record and access a medical patient's history The design provides a solution to the problem. For example, a screen mockup that shows specific data fields Option Two: This option is correct. Requirements gathered through eliciting and analysing information from stakeholders provide input into the design of a solution. Option three is also correct. Requirements and design have a cyclic relationship. The requirements are used to create the initial design. At this point, additional requirements are identified, which results in the design being modified. This process continues until the requirements and design are finalized. Option four is incorrect. Both requirements and design are the responsibility of the business analyst. The business analyst elicits and analyses information to arrive at the requirements and then synthesises and clarifies the requirements in the design of the solution. Option five and the last one are also incorrect. The same business analysis techniques, for example, prototyping and workshops, are used to analyse requirements and design solutions. The requirements and design cycle provide a framework for tackling new projects. What are the characteristics of the requirements and design cycle? Here are the options. The business analyst elicits information about business goals to understand how to meet those objectives before determining stakeholder requirements. The business analyst uses the stakeholder requirements to determine the requirements around how the solution will be transitioned into being used by the customers. Once the solution is up and running, the business analyst monitors it to ensure that the business requirements are being met and makes further modifications if necessary. And lastly, the business analyst determines the requirements for transitioning the solution to customers and then determines the solution requirements. and here you have the answer. Option One. This option is correct. In the early stages of the requirements and design cycle, the business analyst needs to determine the business requirements before going on to determine what the needs of stakeholders are. Option Two: This option is incorrect. In the Requirements and Design Cycle, stakeholder requirements are used to determine solution requirements, and then solution requirements determine the transition requirements and conditions for implementation. Option Three: This option is correct. After a solution has been transitioned and put into use, the cycle begins again to ensure that the solution meets all the types of requirements. Modifications and updates are made to the solution if required. Option four and the last option are incorrect. It is actually the other way around. Once the solution requirements have been determined, the business analyst decides what conditions are required for transitioning the solution to the customer.

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