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CISSP Cert Guide: Telecommunications and Network Security

Dec 17, 2013

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Prepare for the Telecommunications and Network Security section of the CISSP Certification exam.

This chapter is from the book 

CISSP Cert Guide

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Exam Preparation Tasks

Review All Key Topics

Review the most important topics in this chapter, noted with the Key Topics icon in the outer margin of the page. Table 3-11 lists a reference of these key topics and the page numbers on which each is found.

Table 3-11 Key Topics

Key Topic Element	Description	Page Number
Figure 3-1	Protocol Mappings	70
Figure 3-2	TCP/IP and OSI models	71
Figure 3-4	TCP three-way handshake	74
Figure 3-6	Encapsulation and de-encapsulation	76
Table 3-1	Common UDP and TCP ports	77
Table 3-2	Classful IP addressing	80
Table 3-3	Private IP address ranges	81
Table 3-4	Twisted-pair categories	89
Table 3-6	Ethernet implementations	95
Ordered steps	CSMA/CD	99
Ordered steps	CSMA/CA	100
Section	Cloud computing services	117
Table 3-7	T carriers	121
Table 3-8	E-carriers	122
Table 3-9	Optical carriers	122
Section	WLAN Standards	138
Table 3-10	WPA and WPA2	141

Define Key Terms

Define the following key terms from this chapter and check your answers in the glossary:

Open Systems Interconnect (OSI) model
Application layer
Presentation layer
Session layer
Transport layer (layer 4)
Network layer (layer 3)
Data Link layer (layer 2)
Physical layer (layer 1)
TCP/IP model
TCP three-way handshake
Internet Protocol (IP)
Internet Message Control Protocol (ICMP)
Internet Group Messaging Protocol (IGMP)
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
Encapsulation
Private IP addresses
Media Access Control (MAC) addresses
Digital
Asynchronous transmission
Synchronous transmission
Baseband
Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)
Broadband
Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)
Unicast
Multicast
Broadcast
Attenuation
Coaxial
Thicknet
Thinnet
Twisted Pair
Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)
EMI
Fiberoptic
Single mode
Multi-mode
Ring
Bus
Star
Mesh
Hybrid
Ethernet
Token Ring
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Detection (CSMA/CD)
Carrier Sense Multiple Access Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA)
token passing
polling
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
DNS
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
FTPS
Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
HTTP
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)
SHTTP
Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
Network Address Translation (NAT)
Port Address Translation (PAT)
Post Office Protocol (POP)
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
distance vector
link state
hybrid
Routing Internet Protocol (RIP)
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)
Interior Gateway Protocol
Enhanced IGRP (EIGRP)
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)
Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)
Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
patch panels
multiplexer
demultiplexer
hub
switches
VLANs
layer 3 switch
layer 4 switches
routers
gateway
Network Access Server (NAS)
firewall
packet filtering firewalls
stateful firewalls
proxy firewalls
circuit level proxies
SOCKS firewall
application-level proxies
dynamic packet filtering firewall
kernel proxy firewall
bastion host
dual-homed firewall
three legged firewall
DMZ
screened host
screened subnet
virtual firewalls
proxy firewall
private branch exchange (PBX)
honeypots
honeynets
cloud computing
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)
LAN
intranet
extranet
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Metro Ethernet
wide area networks (WANs)
T carriers
fractional T1
E carriers
Synchronous Optical Networks (SONET)
Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit (CSU/DSU)
circuit-switching networks
packet-switching networks
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
X.25
Switched Multimegabit Data Service (SMDS)
Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)
HSSI
PSTN
VOIP
Signaling System 7 (SS7)
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
dial-up
SLIP
Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)
Basic Rate (BRI)
Primary Rate (PRI)
Digital Subscribers Line (DSL)
Asymmetric DSL (ADSL)
High Bit Data Rate DSL (HDSL)
Very High Bit Data Rate DSL (VDSL)
cable modems
Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications (DOCSIS)
Virtual Private Network (VPN)
PPTP
L2TP
IPsec
Authentication Header (AH)
Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP)
Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)
Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
TACACS+
RADIUS
supplicant
authenticator
authenticating server
Password Authentication Protocol (PAP)
Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP)
Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP)
Telnet
Transport Layer Security/Secure Sockets Layer (TLS/SSL)
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA)
Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
Global System Mobile (GSM)
phone cloning
access point
Service Set Identifier (SSID)
Infrastructure mode
Ad Hoc mode
802.11a
802.11b
802.11f
802.11g
802.11n
Multiple Input Multiple Output
Bluetooth
bluejacking
bluesnarfing
infrared
Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP)
Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA)
WPA2
noise
attenuation
crosstalk
Ping of Death
Distributed Denial of Service (DDOS)
Smurf attack
ping scanning
DNS cache poisoning attack
DNSSEC (DNS security)
URL hiding
domain grabbing
cybersquatting
email spoofing
phishing
spear phishing
whaling
spam
wardriving
warchalking
SYN ACK attack
session highjacking attack
port scan
teardrop
IP address spoofing

Review Questions

At which layer of the OSI model does the encapsulation process begin?
1. Transport
2. Application
3. Physical
4. Session
Which two layers of the OSI model are represented by the Link layer of the TCP/IP model? (Choose two.)
1. Data Link
2. Physical
3. Session
4. Application
5. Presentation
Which of the following represents the range of port numbers that are referred to as “well-known” port numbers?
1. 49152–65535
2. 0–1023
3. 1024–49151
4. all above 500
What is the port number for HTTP?
1. 23
2. 443
3. 80
4. 110
What protocol in the TCP/IP suite resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses?
1. ARP
2. TCP
3. IP
4. ICMP
How many bits are contained in an IPv4 IP address?
1. 128
2. 48
3. 32
4. 64
Which of the following is a Class C address?
1. 172.16.5.6
2. 192.168.5.54
3. 10.6.5.8
4. 224.6.6.6
Which of the following is a private IP address?
1. 10.2.6.6
2. 172.15.6.6
3. 191.6.6.6
4. 223.54.5.5
Which service converts private IP addresses to public IP addresses?
1. DHCP
2. DNS
3. NAT
4. WEP
Which type of transmission uses stop and start bits?
1. Asynchronous
2. Unicast
3. Multicast
4. Synchronous

Answers and Explanations

b. The Application Layer (layer 7) is where the encapsulation process begins. This layer receives the raw data from the application in use and provides services such as file transfer and message exchange to the application (and thus the user).
a, b. The Link layer of the TCP/IP model provides the services provided by both the Data Link and the Physical layers in the OSI model.
b. System Ports, also called well-known ports, are assigned by the IETF for standards-track protocols, as per [RFC6335].
c. The listed ports numbers are as follows:
- 23–Telnet
- 443–HTTPS
- 80–HTTP
- 110–POP3
a. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) resolves IP addresses to MAC addresses.
c. IPv4 addresses are 32 bits in length and can be represented in either binary or in dotted decimal format.
b. The calls C range of addresses is from 192.0.0.0 -223.255.255.255.
a.

Here are the private IP address ranges:

Class

Range

Class A

10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255

Class B

172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255

Class C

192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255
c. Network Address Translation (NAT) is a service that can be supplied by a router or by a server. The device that provides the service stands between the local LAN and the Internet. When packets need to go to the Internet, the packets go through the NAT service first. The NAT service changes the private IP address to a public address that is routable on the Internet. When the response is returned from the Web, the NAT service receives it and translates the address back to the original private IP address and sends it back to the originator.
a. With asynchronous transmission, the systems use what are called start and stop bits to communicate when each byte is starting and stopping. This method also uses what are called parity bits to be used for the purpose of ensuring that each byte has not changed or been corrupted en route. This introduces additional overhead to the transmission.

Class	Range
Class A	10.0.0.0 – 10.255.255.255
Class B	172.16.0.0 – 172.31.255.255
Class C	192.168.0.0 – 192.168.255.255