NSE7_NST-7.2 Practice Exam Questions and Answers

Logon Event on Collector Agent:The debug output indicates that the logon event is recorded, showing that the collector agent on Windows is logging user activities and transmitting this data to the FortiGate.

DC Agent Mode:The presence of detailed logon events and their corresponding metadata, such as the domain and workstation information, suggests that the FortiGate is using DC agent mode. This mode involves an agent installed on the Domain Controller (DC) to capture and forward logon events.

References:

Fortinet Community: How FSSO Works and Troubleshooting Steps​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Fortinet GURU)​.

Conserve Mode Activation:

FortiGate enters conserve mode to prevent system crashes when the memory usage reaches critical levels. The "red threshold" is the point at which FortiGate starts dropping new sessions to conserve memory.

When the system memory usage exceeds this threshold, the FortiGate will block new sessions that require significant memory resources, such as those needing content inspection.

Exiting Conserve Mode:

The "green threshold" is the memory usage level below which FortiGate exits conserve mode and resumes normal operation.

Once the system memory usage drops below this threshold, FortiGate will start allowing new sessions again.

References:

Fortinet Community: Understanding conserve mode and its thresholds​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

Fortinet Documentation: Memory conserve mode and thresholds​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Fortinet GURU)​.

OSPF Interface Network Types:

The network types of the interfaces on both FortiGate devices must match. Common network types include broadcast, point-to-point, and non-broadcast multi-access (NBMA).

Authentication Settings:

Both devices must have matching authentication settings (if authentication is used). This includes the same authentication type (none, simple password, or MD5) and the same password or key.

OSPF Router IDs:

Each OSPF router must have a unique router ID within the OSPF domain. The router ID is typically an IPv4 address selected from one of the router's interfaces or manually configured.

Link Costs and Interface Priority:

While link costs and interface priorities are important for route selection and designated router (DR) elections, they do not prevent OSPF adjacency formation if they differ.

References

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

OSPF Configuration Guides

LDAP Authentication Process:

LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocol) authentication involves several steps: Bind Request, Search Request, and Bind Response.

The Bind Request is used to authenticate the client to the LDAP server.

The Search Request is used to find the directory entry that matches the provided criteria.

Analyzing the Exhibit:

The exhibit shows a real-time LDAP debug output.

The debug log includes a successful resolution of the LDAP FQDN, indicating that the LDAP server was reached.

The debug log also shows the start of a search using the distinguished name (DN) base and a filter to locate the userjsmith.

Conclusion:

Since FortiOS successfully resolved the LDAP server and initiated a search for the userjsmith, it indicates that the LDAP server was located, and the search request was performed.

References:

Fortinet Community: Understanding LDAP authentication steps and troubleshooting​(Fortinet Docs)​.

Fortinet Documentation: LDAP integration and debugging in FortiOS​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

RADIUS Server IP Address:

The debug output shows that the RADIUS request was sent to the server atIP=172.25.188.164. This indicates that the RADIUS server being queried for authentication is indeed located at this IP address.

Authentication Result:

The debug output includes a line indicating the result for the RADIUS server:Result for radius svr 'RadiusServer' 172.25.188.164(0) is 0. A result code of0typically signifies that the authentication attempt was unsuccessful.

Authentication Scheme:

The debug output does not indicate that the authentication scheme used was pop3; it mentions using CHAP (Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol).

Two-factor Authentication:

There is no indication in the debug output that two-factor authentication was required for this session.

References

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

RADIUS Authentication Configuration and Debugging Guides

Session Creation:The output shows an expected session, likely due to a pinhole, which is a dynamically created rule to allow specific traffic through the firewall.

Routing Decision:

The original direction of traffic comes from the IP address 10.171.121.38.

The next-hop IP address for this traffic is 10.0.1.10 as indicated by the routing decision in the output.

Pinhole Session:Pinhole sessions are typically created for protocols that require additional sessions (e.g., FTP, SIP) to function properly. This ensures the necessary traffic can pass through the firewall.

Debugging Commands:Thediagnose sys session listcommand is used to list session information, which helps in understanding traffic flow and troubleshooting connectivity issues.

References:

Fortinet Network Security Support Engineer Study Guide for FortiOS 7.2​(ebin.pub)​.

General IPsec VPN configuration from Fortinet documentation​(Fortinet Docs)​.

Refused Connection:A refused connection typically indicates a mismatch in the TCP port configuration between the FortiGate and the collector agent. Ensuring both are configured to use the same TCP port is crucial for proper connectivity.

Mismatched Pre-Shared Password:If the pre-shared password configured on the FortiGate does not match the one set on the collector agent, authentication will fail, leading to connectivity issues.

Inability to Reach IP Address:This can occur due to network issues such as incorrect routing, firewall rules blocking traffic, or the collector agent being down. Verifying network connectivity and the status of the collector agent is necessary to resolve this issue.

References:

Fortinet Community: Troubleshooting FSSO Connectivity Issues​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

Diagnose NPU NP6 Port-list Disable Command:

Thediagnose npu np6 port-list disablecommand disables specific ports on the NP6 processor. This can help in cases where you need to analyze traffic and the hardware offloading is interfering.

Command:diagnose npu np6 port-list disable 5 17(as shown in Option A).

Diagnose NPU NP6 Fastpath Disable Command:

Disabling the fastpath feature on NP6 can also allow for better visibility into the traffic as it bypasses hardware acceleration, which might obscure traffic details.

Command:diagnose npu np6 fastpath disable 0(as shown in Option C).

References:

Fortinet Documentation on Troubleshooting BGP and NPU Settings​(Fortinet Docs)​.

Fortinet Community Technical Notes on NPU and Traffic Analysis​(Welcome to the Fortinet Community!)​.

Remote Gateway IP:

The output shows10.200.5.1as the remote gateway IP, confirming that this is the IP address of the remote gateway involved in the IPsec VPN tunnel.

Quick Mode Selectors:

The quick mode selectors specify the subnets involved in the VPN. The output showssrc: 0:10.1.2.0/255.255.255.0:0anddst: 0:10.1.1.0/255.255.255.0:0, indicating the subnets being tunneled.

DPD (Dead Peer Detection):

DPD is shown asmode=on-demand on=1 idle=20000ms retry=3 count=0 seqno=0, indicating that DPD is enabled in on-demand mode.

Anti-replay:

The output includesreplaywin=2048andreplaywin_lastseq=00000000, which are indicators that anti-replay protection is enabled for the IPsec tunnel.

References

Fortinet Network Security 7.2 Support Engineer Documentation

VPN Configuration and Diagnostic Guides