Discussion Future ARM Cortex + Neoverse µArchs Discussion

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poke01

Golden Member
Mar 8, 2022
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On a different topic, Arm's hesitancy to put absolute numbers on its charts is not inspiring, but if we want to do some pixel peeping:



With the helpful note from @SarahKerrigan that "2023 Best-in-Class @ 3.8GHz" is likely referring to the late 2023 Apple A17 Pro (P-cores @ 3.78 GHz), as it lines up quite closely:

Each tick mark appears to be 10%. And, it seems to align up: the A17 Pro is ~28% faster in 1T than the 8G3 for Galaxy, which is close to the chart's ~26% faster via the rough bar width.

From @uzzi38's earlier image, I've added it, too, as 1.15x multipliers if "ISO" seemingly means frequency only.



Predicted 1T GB6.2 scores & "IPC" are in bold and were calculated from the bar widths. Thus, for the "Cortex-X925 @ 3.8 GHz" score, it's the X4 2287 base score * 1.33 bar width = 3041.71, rounded to 3042.

Arm Marketing NameRough Bar WidthPossible SoCClockGB6.2 1TGB6.2 1T Pts / GHz "IPC""IPC" Relative
2023 Premium Android1.0QC SD8G3 for Galaxy3.39 GHz2287674.6100.0%
2023 Best-in-Class @ 3.8 GHz1.26xApple A17 Pro3.78 GHz2930775.1114.9%
Cortex-X925 @ 3.8 GHz1.33x??3.80 GHz3042800.5118.7%
Cortex-X925 @ 38 GHz (+ sw & sys "optimizations")1.36x??3.80 GHz3110818.5121.3%
X925 vs X4 "ISO"1.15x??3.60 GHz2793775.8115.0%
X925 vs X4 "ISO"1.15x??3.80 GHz2948775.8115.0%
n/an/aApple M44.38 GHz3715848.2125.7%

Sources:
//

So is X925 a GB6.2 1T Perf / GHz gain of +15% or +19% over X4? I can't argue that my pixel counting nor rounding are very precise.

Thus a range of GB6.2 1T runs, assuming +15% Pts / Ghz (2nd chart estimate from "ISO" comparisons) to +18.7% Pts / Ghz (1st chart estimates from "1.33x").

Hypothetical 3.6 GHz X925 core: ~2793 → ~2883
Hypothetical 3.8 GHz X925 core: ~2948 → ~3042

I'd rather not consider the "optimized" estimate (+21.3% IPC gain) as it's unclear what those optimizations actually are and how they would affect the Cortex-X4.

All this, when Arm could just label their silly charts. I might have some typos to fix tomorrow, too.
The M4 frequency is 4.41GHz
 

FlameTail

Diamond Member
Dec 15, 2021
3,160
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On a different topic, Arm's hesitancy to put absolute numbers on its charts is not inspiring, but if we want to do some pixel peeping:



With the helpful note from @SarahKerrigan that "2023 Best-in-Class @ 3.8GHz" is likely referring to the late 2023 Apple A17 Pro (P-cores @ 3.78 GHz), as it lines up quite closely:

Each tick mark appears to be 10%. And, it seems to align up: the A17 Pro is ~28% faster in 1T than the 8G3 for Galaxy, which is close to the chart's ~26% faster via the rough bar width.

From @uzzi38's earlier image, I've added it, too, as 1.15x multipliers if "ISO" seemingly means frequency only.



Predicted 1T GB6.2 scores & "IPC" are in bold and were calculated from the bar widths. Thus, for the "Cortex-X925 @ 3.8 GHz" score, it's the X4 2287 base score * 1.33 bar width = 3041.71, rounded to 3042.

Arm Marketing NameRough Bar WidthPossible SoCClockGB6.2 1TGB6.2 1T Pts / GHz "IPC""IPC" Relative
2023 Premium Android1.0QC SD8G3 for Galaxy3.39 GHz2287674.6100.0%
2023 Best-in-Class @ 3.8 GHz1.26xApple A17 Pro3.78 GHz2930775.1114.9%
Cortex-X925 @ 3.8 GHz1.33x??3.80 GHz3042800.5118.7%
Cortex-X925 @ 38 GHz (+ sw & sys "optimizations")1.36x??3.80 GHz3110818.5121.3%
X925 vs X4 "ISO"1.15x??3.60 GHz2793775.8115.0%
X925 vs X4 "ISO"1.15x??3.80 GHz2948775.8115.0%
n/an/aApple M44.38 GHz3715848.2125.7%

Sources:
//

So is X925 a GB6.2 1T Perf / GHz gain of +15% or +19% over X4? I can't argue that my pixel counting nor rounding are very precise.

Thus a range of GB6.2 1T runs, assuming +15% Pts / Ghz (2nd chart estimate from "ISO" comparisons) to +18.7% Pts / Ghz (1st chart estimates from "1.33x").

Hypothetical 3.6 GHz X925 core: ~2793 → ~2883
Hypothetical 3.8 GHz X925 core: ~2948 → ~3042

I'd rather not consider the "optimized" estimate (+21.3% IPC gain) as it's unclear what those optimizations actually are and how they would affect the Cortex-X4.

All this, when Arm could just label their silly charts. I might have some typos to fix tomorrow, too.
Your posts may be few in quantity, but great in quality!

This tracks with rumours that next gen Dimensity 9400 with Cortex X925 will have a GB6 score of 2700-2800. It's not reaching 3000, because I don't expect Mediatek will clock it at 3.8 GHz.
 

poke01

Golden Member
Mar 8, 2022
1,396
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106
Your posts may be few in quantity, but great in quality!

This tracks with rumours that next gen Dimensity 9400 with Cortex X925 will have a GB6 score of 2700-2800. It's not reaching 3000, because I don't expect Mediatek will clock it at 3.8 GHz.
the x925 is also a laptop core, on a WoA laptop it is more likely. we will see at computex?
 

Hesperax

Junior Member
Nov 13, 2023
3
8
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There seems to be quite the delta in the uplift for Geekbench vs SPECINT based on this slide. It looks likes the IPC increase for SPECINT may only be around ~8% if we assume 3.4 GHz for X4 vs 3.8 GHz for X925 was used.
 

NTMBK

Lifer
Nov 14, 2011
10,269
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Mediatek isn't the only culprit. Samsung is still using A78 cores for their midrange SoCs.

Exynos 1280 : 2×A78 + 6×A55
Exynos 1380 : 4×A78 + 4×A55
Exynos 1480 : 4×A78 + 4×A55

3 generations of SoCs using the same cores. I am beyond outraged.

I would be somewhat sated if they had put an X1 in the 1480. But they didn't. The poor ST performance of the A78 really hurts the experience in the midrange Galaxy phones, becuase Samsung's OneUI android skin is really heavy and needs strong ST performance to have a smooth experience.
This is why Samsung should never have shut down the Mongoose team. They're now totally beholden to ARM as their only CPU provider, and they're getting squeezed.
 

FlameTail

Diamond Member
Dec 15, 2021
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This is why Samsung should never have shut down the Mongoose team. They're now totally beholden to ARM as their only CPU provider, and they're getting squeezed.
Idk man. Mongoose cores were using more die area than Apple's P cores, while having similar performance to ARM's A7x cores and worse efficiency. In fact, Mongoose M6, the 2021 core (which was cancelled), was rumoured to add SMT.

SMT in phones!

Edit: corrected to M6
 
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soresu

Platinum Member
Dec 19, 2014
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Samsung is still using A78 cores for their midrange SoCs
It's nothing to sneeze at.

RPi5 and RK3588 are still stuck on A76 after all, and my poor ODROID N2+ with its AML S922 is stuck on A73 😭

Geez they could literally sell midrange phone SoCs for SBCs and smoke everything on the market.
 

soresu

Platinum Member
Dec 19, 2014
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Idk man. Mongoose cores were using more die area than Apple's P cores, while having similar performance to ARM's A7x cores and worse efficiency. In fact, Mongoose M6, the 2021 core (which was cancelled), was rumoured to add SMT.

SMT in phones!

Edit: corrected to M6
Got to hand it to Samsung, they really hung in there even when it was clear Mongoose just wasn't paying out - meanwhile QC folded in just one generation for Kryo.
 

soresu

Platinum Member
Dec 19, 2014
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Imagine an SBC with Snapdragon 8 Gen 3.
Back when Huawei/HiSilicon wasn't getting gimped by the US govmt that would have been possible, or at least the equivalent hardware as they produced SBCs using HiSilicon SoCs from the Mate and Px line of phones.
 

hemedans

Senior member
Jan 31, 2015
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Idk man. Mongoose cores were using more die area than Apple's P cores, while having similar performance to ARM's A7x cores and worse efficiency. In fact, Mongoose M6, the 2021 core (which was cancelled), was rumoured to add SMT.

SMT in phones!

Edit: corrected to M6
At that time yes they look bad but since A78 Arm mid cores don't have any meaningful upgrade, A710 and A715 they are same as A78 and A720 isn't that fast compare to A78, so if Samsung persist probably they would have better core by now.
 

FlameTail

Diamond Member
Dec 15, 2021
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At that time yes they look bad but since A78 Arm mid cores don't have any meaningful upgrade, A710 and A715 they are same as A78 and A720 isn't that fast compare to A78, so if Samsung persist probably they would have better core by now.
Did you forget that Cortex X series exists.

Samsung ditched Mongoose M, the same year ARM unveiled Cortex X. They simply couldn't keep up.

And Samsung's implementation with their custom cores was rather funky. They still used ARM's Cortex cores as the mid and littles, despite having their own custom Mongoose M cores- which were used as Primes.

The Mongoose cores had a seperate L3 cache from that of the Cortex cores.

Edit: Below is the diagram for the Exynos 990. The above diagram is that of it's predecessor, the Exynos 9820.


Can you believe that the A55 cores in the 9820 didn't have an L1 cache?😭

 
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FlameTail

Diamond Member
Dec 15, 2021
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Dimensity 9400 will reportedly clock it's Cortex X925 core at 3.4 GHz.

So according to ikjadoon's calculations based on ARM'S numbers, Dimensity 9400 should have a Geekbench 6 score of ~2700. That actually tracks with the leaked Geekbench scores.

Meanwhile Qualcomm is cooking up 4.2 GHz...
 
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eek2121

Diamond Member
Aug 2, 2005
3,051
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From the way the FEX-emu devs talk about AVX on their discord I'm pretty sure that they don't emulate it either.
It has been a while since i used WOA, but the x86-64 emulator did not emulate AVX when I used it, hopefully Microsoft has a solution for that.

You want to avoid the emulator anyway since it eats into power efficiency
It's nothing to sneeze at.

RPi5 and RK3588 are still stuck on A76 after all, and my poor ODROID N2+ with its AML S922 is stuck on A73 😭

Geez they could literally sell midrange phone SoCs for SBCs and smoke everything on the market.
this. Unfortunately Qualcomm won’t sell a chip even remotely cheap enough for that. The SoC in the pie is under $10.

Not many people would be willing to pay a $50-$100 premium for a newer SoC. The issue you also run into is that at that price range, x86 becomes a faster/cheaper option.
Dimensity 9400 will reportedly clock it's Cortex X925 core at 3.4 GHz.
View attachment 99986
So according to ikjadoon's calculations based on ARM'S numbers, Dimensity 9400 should have a Geekbench 6 score of ~2700. That actually tracks with the leaked Geekbench scores.

Meanwhile Qualcomm is cooking up 4.2 GHz...
View attachment 99987

Someone, I believe adroc, did mention that.

This is NOT the first time something like this has happened.
 

Shivansps

Diamond Member
Sep 11, 2013
3,873
1,527
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It's nothing to sneeze at.

RPi5 and RK3588 are still stuck on A76 after all, and my poor ODROID N2+ with its AML S922 is stuck on A73 😭

Geez they could literally sell midrange phone SoCs for SBCs and smoke everything on the market.
Well the problem on SBC is that they need to be cheap, sub $100 or very low 100s, anything higher and you have better x86 options.

Now A76 cores are breaking sub $50 with the new Radxa 5C and 5C Little, but the question is who is going to make something better, and with a better GPU, most of these socs, are using very old gpus... i saw A78s with Malis G57... And the G610MP4 on the 3588 the best it can hope for is to land near a Vega 3, if it gets a decent driver someday.

I think a Radxa worker mentioned about the next Radxa 6 being ARMv9. All eyes are on Rockchip i dont think anyone else will be willing to sell such cheap socs.
 
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