Polling experts are raising red flags about a new survey that concluded that nearly 20% of American college students believe it’s appropriate to use violence to silence offensive speech.
The eye-popping results of the survey have been widely cited in conservative media outlets, including by the editorial board of the Wall Street Journal, and were written up by an opinion columnist for the Washington Post.
The way the survey results have been presented are “malpractice” and “junk science” and “it should never have appeared in the press”, according to Cliff Zukin, a past president of the American Association of Public Opinion Polling, which sets ethical and transparency standards for polling.
John Villasenor, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of California Los Angeles, defended his survey as an important window into what he had called a troubling atmosphere on American campuses in which “freedom of expression is deeply imperiled”. Villasenor, a cybersecurity expert, said this was the first public opinion survey he had conducted.
However, his survey was not administered to a randomly selected group of college students nationwide, what statisticians call a “probability sample”. Instead, it was administered to an opt-in online panel of people who self-identified as current college students.
“If it’s not a probability sample, it’s not a sample of anyone, it’s just 1500 college students who happen to respond,” Zukin said, calling it “junk science”.
“It’s an interesting piece of data,” Michael Traugott, a polling expert at the University of Michigan’s Center for Political Studies, said. “Whether it represents the proportion of all college students who believe this is unknown.”
Villesenor said his survey had been inspired by the “increasing trend towards censorship on college campuses in recent years”, which included both outright censorship and “self-censorship”.
Like many other academics, Villasenor has remained concerned that university campuses are not sufficiently open to “reasonable perspectives”.
He secured funding from the conservative Charles Koch Foundation to survey students this August about their views on free speech. Rather than write an academic paper, he posted some of his results online this week, arguing that given “the timeliness of the topic, I believe it is important to get some of the key results out into the public sphere immediately”.
“A surprisingly large fraction of students believe it is acceptable to act – including resorting to violence – to shut down expression they consider offensive,” he wrote. His survey also found that college students had deep misunderstandings about the scope of the first amendment’s free speech protections
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