So you sacrificed the life of your CPU for science or did you need to reseat your cooler?
LOL, all of the above
Seriously though, running your CPU at TJmax is not a problem, TJmax is set to the value it is set to so as to ensure that it is not a problem if your CPU operates that hot.
If it was a problem then TJmax would be set lower such that it throttled before it became a problem.
Where high temps become truly problematic is when you have taken the CPU out of spec in some other capacity in the process. Higher clockspeed or higher voltage or both.
Then the factory set TJmax (98C for SB) is no longer valid. For example, if Intel intended to release a 4.5GHz Sandy Bridge with the Vcc bumped up to say 1.4V then they'd undoubtedly decrease the TJmax by however much is necessary to ensure the expected lifetime of the chips still exceeded their internal targets for QRA and warranty purposes (10yrs typically).
So the TJmax for such a hypothetical CPU might be 88C, or 78C. (coincidentally this is why AMD's CPU's do have lower max allowed temps than Intel's, they have to lower that max temp to avoid running into field-fail issues over time)
Thus, when we overclock our CPU's, we do need to be mindful that the practical TJmax is decreasing even if the actual TJmax used in the chip's circuitry is not.
I would not operate my CPU near TJmax when it was overclocked for any sustainable duration. But yes, in the name of science
I did just that