Lumens describe the total amount of light comming out of a source of light, and it is very, very precise and is usually measured in an Integrating Sphere.
Here is an example of an Integrating Sphere:
http://www.labsphere.com/products/s.../light-measurement-spheres/3Meter-Sphere.aspx
The unit that one would used to measure light striking a surface is called Lux or FootCandles and can be measured with very cheap instrumentation. One also needs to know the distance for it to have any real meaning.
http://www.newark.com/tenma/72-9195/compact-light-meter-40000lux/dp/57T6868
Here is an example of a light source:
http://www.newark.com/cree/xmlezw-00-0000-0000s630f/led-white-1200lm/dp/27T9496
If you open a datasheet of an LED, they will have the iso-polar or iso-candela plots of the light emission distribution, sometimes they will call it spatial distribution, see page 9 here:
http://www.cree.com/products/pdf/XLampXM-L_EZW.pdf
Once you have the spatial distribution, and other items, you can design reflectors, optics, lenses and control the light output distribution, and spread it out, or focus it (like in a flashlight) into an emission pattern you want, say, even light a streetlamp and shape it into required patterns specified by customers or various standards.
You also have light emitted from a surface, such as footLamberts, nits, or candela per meter ^2, and it tells you how much light is emitted from the surface, such as the monitor you are reading this on. However this tells you nothing about the distribtution. Companies like 3M make films called BEF, which control the light emission pattern (these are placed between the light guide/diffuser and the LCD. This can be made very narrow to make it peak at an intended direction, and give a monitor very high nits or footLambert values. However with BEF films, off-angle, the amount of light is drastically reduced- often the total value of light drops significantly- but is useful if you want the display to look good in the specifications, or if you need to overcome ambient lighting, and the item the display is put in can be easily repositioned, or if the user can move their head to another angle.