the power is split into 6+1 phases, which is actually more than GTX 1080 (5+1).
I will try to explain.
Well, the gpu runs on a given voltage for example VDD = 1V.
But the input voltage is 12V. To get that 12V down to 1V, a synchronous buck converter is used. This is a power converter.
What is done, is that by making use of a very smart circuit, the 12V is converted down to 1V. Let say we need 1V at 24A. In real life, nothing is for free. But we assume that the efficiency of the buck converter is 100%. In reality, this is between 85 and 95 % for what i know. With a static load, higher efficiency numbers can be reached up to 99%, but the gpu chip is a dynamic load.
Meaning, that the amount of current drawn depends on how busy the gpu is kept with doing calculations.
But forget about that for now. We assume for calculation ease, 100%.
The input is 12V 2A. The buck converter converts that down to 1V@24A.
P = U * I. So it is just plugging in the numbers. Pout = Pin @100%.
In reality, Pout = Pin * efficiency.
so , 1 * 24 = 12 * 2 * 100 % efficiency.
In reality, it is not 100% efficiency. There is some energy lost when converting from 12V to 1V for any given current. This energy is lost in the components from the buck converter design that do the heavy lifting. Like the n-mosfet switches, the output capacitors, the current sense resistor and the inductor.
The energy lost, is usually converted into heat. This is called dissipation.
The buck converter is designed to have its highest efficiency at maximum load since the losses are the highest at maximum load (meaning the maximum output current has to be delivered).
Now, the amount of phases used, is dependent on the components choice.
You can generally say that the more phases, the more the amount of power that is delivered is spread over the amount of output phases. In reality, the energy lost during conversion is also spread over more phases. This means that the power (heavy lifting) components in each phase, have to take only a fraction of the total dissipation.
It all depends on the design. How much output power (output current x output voltage) you need, which components you choose. The higher grade components are generally speaking more expensive. The size of the components is also a limiting factor. Sometimes the designer is restrained to a limited printed circuit board area or component height. There exists for example smt inductors (From Wurth elektronik) that can do 42A easily. But this comes with a certain size. Now since a cooler must be mounted on top of the gpu, there is a limit here as well when it comes to component height.
The choice of which controller chip to use for the buck converter design. The amount of regulation needed. Now the regulating capability of the buck converter is also the most important thing. The output voltage has to stay as close to the designed output voltage as possible independent of the dynamically changing load.
All in all, the amount of phases say not that much in a linear fashion.
So, i would not worry about that.
What it could mean :
The dissipation is spread out over all phases. This can mean that the power components individually get less hot.
The chosen buck converter is a 6 phase model. Six phases must be used.
Lower cost components.
Smaller size components.
Availability of components.
Better regulation ? (This depends on the buck converter controller)
As you can see, there are a lot of variables.
Here is an in depth article about the benefits of using multi phase converters with respect to single phase converts.
Basically, it is better response to dynamic changing loads.
http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1273224
The inductors are the grey blocks.
The output capacitors are the little drums with a blue /white shade.
The n-mosfet switches are fitted on the backside of the board for as far as i can see. (they have to be there ).