The latest Serious Sam (I think Seriois Sam 3) has very similar gameplay to Doom 2 / Duke Nukem 3D. It is similar to Quake too, but it has a lot more enemies at one time than Quake had.
As for more modern Gameplay shooters, Max Payne 1 and 2 are pretty much the best shooters to be released since Quake. Prey was good, as was Half Life 2. I haven't played any Call of Duty game, so I don't know if any of them have been any good.
I almost forgot. STALKER: Shadow of Chernoble is a great Shooter. Best AI of any FPS, which helps draw you in.