I have chronic GERD, so I'm pretty much an expert on heartburn.
The older you get, the less effective the seal is on your stomach that keeps in your gastric juices. After a while, they're seep up into your esophagus and cause pain/swelling, or (in my case) scaring.
As far as treatments, Tums/Rolaids are your first line of defense. These are enough to ward off simple heartburn.
If you're getting heartburn frequently, omeprazole is your friend. The generic form is around the same price as Tylenol, and works within 30-60 minutes of taking it. It's a good "this food is going to kill me" prep
If you're being kept awake at night, try to stop eating by 7pm, and maybe start a regimen of slow acting acid reducers like cimetidine before going to bed for a couple of weeks.
Foods that set off my heartburn:
- Starchy or overly sweet foods
- dry/dense meats (chicken breast, pork chops, etc)
- tomato sauces or salsa
- foods with lots of vinegar
- heavily seasoned foods
I'm actually going to have to go in to get my esophagus stretched because I let my heartburn go too long and it caused the opening to my stomach to shrink from scar tissue, meaning food often gets "stuck" if I eat too much or too fast, resulting in severe pain and vomiting up the stuck food.