On April 14, 2008 a new documentary aired on Channel 4 in the UK, showing Parfitt's search for the lost Ark of the Covenant which was the outcome of many years of research and which was also the subject of his 2008 book The Lost Ark of the Covenant.[2][3]. The search took him to Jerusalem and Zedekiah's Cave, a vast complex of caves underneath the city, to Jordan and Yemen, and then to Egypt and Ethiopia, and later to Zimbabwe. He concluded that the Ark of the Covenant was among other things a drum which had been led out of Jerusalem by Israelites in about 586 BC before the Babylonian invasion. The Israelites first moved east through Jordan and then settled in eastern Yemen in a town called Sena. However, agricultural stagnation caused by the possible breaking of a dam, forced the Israelites to cross over into Africa and they eventually settled in Zimbabwe. Genetic research into the Lemba people who inhabit the area around the Limpopo river shows that many Lemba males have a Y chromosome that is also found among the male descendants of the Jewish priesthood (part of the Levite tribe) in Israel. [4]. Parfitt believes that the drum which always served as some sort of weapon was replaced on numerous occasions as the Israelites travelled and the final incarnation of the drum was eventually found in a museum cupboard at the Museum of Human Sciences Harare, which was shown by carbon dating to hail back to around 1350 AD - one of the oldest wooden objects ever discovered in sub-Saharan Africa.
Parfitt questions the Exodus depiction of the Ark of the Covenant and believes that it could never have been made so elaborately out of gold, given the circumstances in which it was produced. The biblical description of the Ark was written many centuries after the events of the exodus and Parfitt believes that the descriptions owe much to Egyptian art and design which were dominant in Israel during that period. Ancient Rabbinic sources maintain that there were two Arks: the simple one hewn by Moses and the later and more elaborate one, made by Bezalel. According to the rabbis, the golden Ark was kept in the Temple and was only seen by the High Priest. It was only once (and disastrously) taken into battle, when it was captured. This was the simple wooden object made by Moses himself?a wooden container made from acacia wood?which was the Ark of War. It is the descendant of this Ark that Parfitt believes he found in Africa.
However, his conclusions have been challenged by many. He introduced the remnants of a 650-year-old wooden and bowl-shaped war drum of an African tribe as the replica of the lost Ark of the Covenant, in the sense of the wooden container, without mention of the whereabouts of the contents of the Ark, and also made a statement that other Arks may well have existed. Nor did he mention where in Jewish tradition the Ark of the Covenant was ever described to have been used as a war drum - or why the Ark was spherical bowl shaped at its bottom, when it was made to house flat stone tablets as its primary purpose.