It sounds like you skipped a class or two.
At my U, there was a first year computer programming class, that was the basics on just getting a program to run, grasping basic data structures (integers, floats, classes, etc), program control, etc.
Then there was a second year class that covered more advanced stuff, but not super advanced. However, it did go into detail on using STL.
My computer architecture class started to get really advanced with ASM programming, base number system conversions, bit manipulations, etc.
There was more advanced classes on more advanced data structures, covering linked lists, queues, trees, sorting algorithms, etc.
You might consider getting something like "C++ programming for Dummies," if there is anything like that. I'm sorry if it sounds insulting, but I actually consider these books awesome for the level of explaination for the basics they give. It should help you get up to speed.
Here:
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obi...17953/bigwebmasters-20
http://www.amazon.com/C-Progra...-Shammas/dp/0764500732