Some boards allow flashing the BIOS from a particular USB port on the back, with a USB stick containing the BIOS update file, and there's a little button or something that you push. You would connect the mobo to power, I don't think that it even requires any RAM installed, and not a CPU, and it will flash. (It uses some chipset microcontroller, probably the USB3.0 controller, with some additional firmware to enable that.)
Most boards, though, you need a "supported" CPU installed, in order to flash the BIOS. AM4 boards are specifically VERY unforgiving, as far as being able to plug in an "unsupported" CPU, and trying to flash the BIOS that way. In my experience, the board simple acts quite dead, until you get the proper firmware on there. Unlike some Intel-chipset boards, that will actually POST with an unrecognized CPU, that displays some generic identity string, but will still POST and do a flash procedure.