ASCII is old. When it was designed, it was meant not just for computers, but also teletype machines, printers, etc. It includes many "control characters" that were originally meant as commands to a machine. Some of them hold on even today... in windows a newline is actually encoded as two characters "\r\n" or in hex, 0x0D0A. \r = carriage return, move the print head back to the start of the line. \n = new line, move the page to the next line of text.
Anyway, these functions tell you whether a particular character can be printed, or if it's a controller character with no printable. Representation. Look them up on cppreference.com