"There are Raid levels 0-15, but 0,1,5, and 0+1 or 10 are the most common."
I don't think there is a RAID 8 or 9, or at least not a defined standard. There are companies that create their own RAID levels and sell them as proprietary systems, but to call those standards would be a bit of a stretch. There is no RAID 11-14 either. They can be created, as they are simply a mirror adapted to another level, but they really aren't defined, used, or practical for that matter (11, mirror of a mirror? great cost per MB/storage ratio there...). RAID 15 is extremely rare as well. You will see other random levels like 51 or 53 (03), but these are very complicated to properly implement without using mutiple RAID controllers and not practical for typical users.
From a user benefit position, the difference between RAID 10 and RAID 0+1 is that RAID 10 has a bit more fault tolerance. If you lose a drive in a RAID 0+1 array you are left with a RAID 0 array which means the next lost drive is the loss of your data. With RAID 10 you can lose more than 1 drive in certain situations and still have you data intact.