Well you need to pay the monthly fee so no. You have to spend something. But as far as microtransactions go no you can do it without. I only recommend that get some initial plex as seed money or use a service like my newbie referral for 50 million isk. pm for details
I didn't need any seed money. You can definitely go about it without paying additional money to the subscription (and once you have a good source of ISK, you can even get buy without the subscription since you can buy game time with ingame currency). Just fly what you can fit properly, and stick to High-sec in ships that you can't afford to easily lose, and ISK shouldn't be an issue.