Yeah, the speed and complexity of the robot controllers has grown leaps and bounds. Not complex on the outside, complex on the inside. The new controllers ability to integrate vision as well as completely run other machinery - eliminating a separate control system - are quite amazing. A well taught (user program and points) is a thing of beauty to watch, especially the high speed pick and place robots.
I wish I could go to school again, and I'm a little worn.
What a robot sees and does is black and white, ones and zeros. There is input and there is output. I remember learning the Z80. It was setup like a human brain. Registers holding data, memories, inputs; a core to process, think, and really only one thing at a time, but quick enough to seem as if it was truly multi-tasking; a rhythm slowed down on my breadboard to a button I had to push for each clock cycle, filling registers with dip-switches, also controlling the relatively simple (I'm sure) machine code cranking out something similar to my name "brod" in seven-segment LED's for my professor. I joked, I want to compile this code. Some guys trimmed each jumper to its shortest possible length to arrange them all in clean little color-coded bundles, my board looked like a mass of frozen multi-colored spaghetti, and I knew if I had screwed up, my way was easier to correct, Professor Present gave no favor to neat boards.
People have said to me a few times in my life, "Yes but Brad, life is not always black and white." Why not? My circuits are.