Discussion Future ARM Cortex + Neoverse µArchs Discussion

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JasonLD

Senior member
Aug 22, 2017
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Will there come a day when consoles like PlayStation and XBox use ARM CPUs?

As long as x86 keeps on making decent progress, I don't see why Sony and MS would feel the urge to make transition to ARM unless they are motivated to make portable console like Nintendo.
 

FlameTail

Diamond Member
Dec 15, 2021
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As long as x86 keeps on making decent progress, I don't see why Sony and MS would feel the urge to make transition to ARM unless they are motivated to make portable console like Nintendo.
Hmm. In that case perhaps portables like the Steam Deck might switch over?

The better thermal and battery life properties of ARM chips are lucrative.
 

moinmoin

Diamond Member
Jun 1, 2017
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In that case perhaps portables like the Steam Deck might switch over?
Would likely be a hard sell considering Steam Deck and the likes currently sell on being able to play the vast library of Windows x86 games. Once a manufacturer manages to extract Apple Rosetta 2 like performance (implying ARM cores capable of handling x86 memory models in hardware) that may change.
 

Shivansps

Diamond Member
Sep 11, 2013
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You need another provider that can supply the quantities needed at a very low prices (and be interested in doing so), and that can provide the same level if quality and support, that before talking about anything else.

The only chance i see is that if the ARM SoC comes from AMD itself at this point. Valve is not going to go ARM any time soon, they just cant. Sony is going to do watever AMD can do, they arent going to switch providers as long as AMD can supply the performance, quantity and prices needed. And Microsoft is petty much in the same position as Valve.
 

DrMrLordX

Lifer
Apr 27, 2000
21,813
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The margins on console SoCs seem pretty low. That's a major factor in whether anyone would want to commit the time and money necessary to sell hardware to that sector. It's always easier to try to sell something you've already developed. In AMD's case, they seem to put more time and effort into their console offerings than, say, NV who just peddled Tegra X1 to Nintendo (for example).

If any of the console/handheld market tries to go to another vendor - notably an ARM vendor - they'll have to redo their entire development toolchain and then they'll have to start buying existing off-the-shelf solutions which may or may not come at a price/performance mark that is desirable compared to whatever AMD's embedded/console division plans on selling to them next.
 

soresu

Platinum Member
Dec 19, 2014
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The margins on console SoCs seem pretty low. That's a major factor in whether anyone would want to commit the time and money necessary to sell hardware to that sector. It's always easier to try to sell something you've already developed. In AMD's case, they seem to put more time and effort into their console offerings than, say, NV who just peddled Tegra X1 to Nintendo (for example).

If any of the console/handheld market tries to go to another vendor - notably an ARM vendor - they'll have to redo their entire development toolchain and then they'll have to start buying existing off-the-shelf solutions which may or may not come at a price/performance mark that is desirable compared to whatever AMD's embedded/console division plans on selling to them next.
Absolutely, the money is in the games themselves and licensing the right to publish games on the platform.

This is why I am somewhat confused why Apple never went down this road, as they already have that closed ecosystem thinking down well - it's no great jump from there to consoles, especially now they have scaled up their GPUs.
 

soresu

Platinum Member
Dec 19, 2014
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Wouldn't rule it out eventually but also seems like they are willing to stick with AMD/x86 for awhile.
The benefits of aligning to PC hardware (and games made for it) make the platform more attractive to devs, it's the smarter thing to do for now I guess.

Even should it change to ARM on the PC side in the future then AMD can just license Cortex CPU IP in the interim to provide a complete SoC until they can field an internally designed custom ARM based µArch.
 

moinmoin

Diamond Member
Jun 1, 2017
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This is why I am somewhat confused why Apple never went down this road
Because Apple doesn't need it. App store where games dominate is already much bigger than the whole of the console gaming market.
 

soresu

Platinum Member
Dec 19, 2014
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Because Apple doesn't need it. App store where games dominate is already much bigger than the whole of the console gaming market.
Never underestimate the limits of corporate greed - if they think they can make more they will go there regardless.
 

jpiniero

Lifer
Oct 1, 2010
14,845
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The benefits of aligning to PC hardware (and games made for it) make the platform more attractive to devs, it's the smarter thing to do for now I guess.

That wasn't it at all. At the time of the PS4/XBO release, ARM didn't even support 64-bit so it wasn't really an option. And now that AAA games take 4-5 years to complete... sticking with the same architecture solves a lot of potential headaches since it makes it a lot easier to do cross gen.

Obviously if either Sony/MS wants to move away from AMD they would have to use something other than x86.
 

eek2121

Diamond Member
Aug 2, 2005
3,053
4,281
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This is why I am somewhat confused why Apple never went down this road, as they already have that closed ecosystem thinking down well - it's no great jump from there to consoles, especially now they have scaled up their GPUs.
Apple already owns one of the biggest gaming platforms out there.

A lot of folks seem to forget that in order to compete with x86 in gaming:

1) You need proper GPU drivers and a proper GPU
2) You need a performant CPU that has fast, low latency access to high speed memory and also dedicated PCIE lanes for high speed storage and discrete GPUs.
3) Chances are you need a way to run x86 games if you hope to break into the PC market. Emulation is slow. I see comments here about Apple’s solution. It is also slow. Emulation typically involves a 30-60% hit to performance and is never bug free. Because of this, your CPU now needs to be 30-60% faster than say, Zen 2 in order to account for this overhead. Performance will never be as good as native x86 unless the game is ported to run natively.

You think Anti-Cheat solutions aren’t great on Linux? Forget gaming on ARM at all. Period. No anti-cheat solution is going to run under an ARM x86-64 emulator. Keep in mind that anti-cheat is still broken on Linux x86.

Gaming (outside of a console type device) is likely years away. The few modern games I have attempted to test via wine/box64 either did not work or ran poorly. ARM GPU drivers lag significantly behind AMD/Intel/NVIDIA and it will take companies a significant investment to catch up. Even if the drivers happen to be fine for the game, the performance profile of an ARM64 chip running x64 emulation is COMPLETELY different from a modern x86 chip.

Developers could port their stuff to ARM, but they would need a reason to, and thus far there isn’t any incentive.

What about non-gaming workloads?

The prospect is better here, but still not great. Current x86-64 emulation solutions don’t implement modern instructions like certain AVX instructions, etc. If a program requires those instructions without a happy path fallback, it will fail to run. Microsoft is working on this.

If the application uses certain win16/win32 api functions that don’t have a happy path, it may fail to run.

No ARM64 widevine support means low resolution netflix/max/disney/<insert platform here> streaming at low bitrates.

Barring those three issues, the software should work.

The good news is that Adobe and other big names are committed to porting software to ARM64. Photoshop on ARM is a thing! (on Windows!)

Office on ARM is also a thing! Also, most open source apps should work provided they have been ported. Open source apps that haven’t been ported will probably get ported at some point.

Finally, if you are using Linux (and don’t game) you can probably switch to ARM whenever you want, or even RISC-V when faster chips come out. The state of open source on non-x86 CPUs is excellent. My Pi 5 runs everything needed to browse the internet, watch videos, listen to music, etc. My RISC-V boards lack performance, but also work pretty well.
 

soresu

Platinum Member
Dec 19, 2014
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Developers could port their stuff to ARM, but they would need a reason to, and thus far there isn’t any incentive.
Devs have already been doing that for years with Switch, which is probably the first Nintendo console in a while that has attracted serious third party game devs to their platform, and the first ARM based wall powered console in docked mode.

Switch 2 seems likely to increase that further if reported SoC specs of A78 + Ampere based Tegra are true.
No ARM64 widevine support means low resolution netflix/max/disney/<insert platform here> streaming at low bitrates.
What do ARM based streaming devices like Amazon FireTV or Google Chromecast with Google TV (aka Android TV Chromecast) use then?

(or SHIELD TV as we are mentioning Switch 😎)

Are they all res limited?
 

DrMrLordX

Lifer
Apr 27, 2000
21,813
11,168
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This is why I am somewhat confused why Apple never went down this road, as they already have that closed ecosystem thinking down well - it's no great jump from there to consoles, especially now they have scaled up their GPUs.

Apple is too much like Nintendo - they want a premium for their hardware on top of app store sales. The console/handheld gaming market probably doesn't have room for another Nintendo. Plus Nintendo gets away with it by skimping on the specs which is something Apple would only do on specific areas if they're being historically consistent.

I also agree with @moinmoin in general that they make enough off mobile gaming that establishing their own console may not make sense to them. That 30% is nearly zero-effort revenue for them.
 

soresu

Platinum Member
Dec 19, 2014
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Apple is too much like Nintendo - they want a premium for their hardware on top of app store sales. The console/handheld gaming market probably doesn't have room for another Nintendo. Plus Nintendo gets away with it by skimping on the specs which is something Apple would only do on specific areas if they're being historically consistent.
Apple can skimp on specs and still easily compete with Switch 2, at least on raw grunt with GPU if not feature completeness.

I've no idea how well the A17/M3 GPU maps to Vulkan, DX12 or OGL given Apple aren't the most forthcoming about Metal version specifics - comparatively Switch and likely Switch 2 are basically off the shelf nVidia fully OGL compliant PC µArch, excepting TX1's special Maxwell with double rate FP16/2x FP16 per FP32 FLOP.
 

DrMrLordX

Lifer
Apr 27, 2000
21,813
11,168
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Apple can skimp on specs and still easily compete with Switch 2, at least on raw grunt with GPU if not feature completeness.
Just keep in mind that up until now, Nintendo has been selling Tegra X1 (a very slightly die shrunk one more-recently) to its customers. That thing is ancient and was never great to begin with. The cost per unit has got to be in the basement for them. What do you suppose the BoM is on a Switch in 2023?

Do you really want to get into a pissing match with Nintendo over who can upsell the cheapest junk imaginable? I wouldn't.
 

moinmoin

Diamond Member
Jun 1, 2017
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Never underestimate the limits of corporate greed - if they think they can make more they will go there regardless.
Don't laugh, Apple is already doing just that. It's the Apple TV boxes and the Apple Arcade service. Don't expect them to do more than that.

Apple already owns one of the biggest gaming platforms out there.
You can strike the "one of" part, it's easily the biggest any way you look at it, both size and growth wise.
 

soresu

Platinum Member
Dec 19, 2014
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You can strike the "one of" part, it's easily the biggest any way you look at it, both size and growth wise.
Biggest yes, but full of mostly useless slag and old game ports, just like Google's Play Store.

The emphasis that Apple put on certain games like Shadow of the Tomb Raider running on ARM Mac makes me think that they aren't exactly happy about that caveat though.
 

moinmoin

Diamond Member
Jun 1, 2017
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Biggest yes, but full of mostly useless slag and old game ports, just like Google's Play Store.
You yourself were writing of corporate greed. Why would such a company care about the types or quality of games? It's the money that counts for them, and they got the for them biggest moneymaking gaming platform there is. There is no way up as they already are at the peak. Everything else they can do there is philanthropy at best and waste of money at worst.

The emphasis that Apple put on certain games like Shadow of the Tomb Raider running on ARM Mac makes me think that they aren't exactly happy about that caveat though.
Niche of a niche in a niche. The repeated mention of Tomb Raider in benchmarks while nobody plays that anymore is already a running gag on the Windows x86 side, don't take it seriously suddenly once that switches side to MacOS.
 

soresu

Platinum Member
Dec 19, 2014
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Everything else they can do there is philanthropy at best and waste of money at worst.
Tim Cook:


😂🤣😆

If nothing else they are the master of the closed garden money making platform, which is about the only compliment I could ever stomach to give them.

By comparison I would call Sony, MS and even EA rank amateurs playing dress up in that category - and as you note even Google are not doing such good revenue with their Play Store, despite superior Android device and Play download figures.

I'd be very surprised if they couldn't make AAA games profitable sans philanthropy - especially if they are basically just repurposing existing hardware like Apple TV and Mac SKUs for minimal or no extra R&D cost.

The thing is that Apple has something Sony and MS don't.....

Brand desire - not just recognition, but desire.

People often get a Playstation or an Xbox because they expect certain games to be exclusive to those console platforms.

By contrast I have no doubt that Apple could sell a console to iSheep on the principle of their brand recognition alone - game developers will see that and act accordingly.

While they might need to beef up their SDK for more serious games software I doubt it would cost them that much relative to hw costs already saved from repurposing Mac SoCs.
 

Doug S

Platinum Member
Feb 8, 2020
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Biggest yes, but full of mostly useless slag and old game ports, just like Google's Play Store.

The emphasis that Apple put on certain games like Shadow of the Tomb Raider running on ARM Mac makes me think that they aren't exactly happy about that caveat though.

I think that's just trying to appeal to people who would buy a Mac rather than a PC "except I like to play games once in a while". They aren't trying to market the Mac towards gamers, they are trying to market it as being CAPABLE of playing games with more than acceptable performance for the non hardcore gamer.
 
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ikjadoon

Member
Sep 4, 2006
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Arm's earlier ~7% GB6 uplift seems to have been measured with GB6.0. The latest testing is now with GB6.1+ and Arm had a major IPC uplift this year: +10% IPC uplift. That's stellar cadence.

Percentages are normalized to the X3.
  1. Apple A17 Pro - 774 pts / GHz (3.78 GHz / 2,926 pts) - 121.1%
  2. Qualcomm SDXE / Oryon - 750 pts / GHz (4.30 GHz / 3,227 pts) - 117.4%
  3. Qualcomm SD8G3 / Arm Cortex-X4 - 706 pts / GHz (3.30 GHz / 2,329 pts) - 110.5%
  4. Qualcomm SD8G2 / Arm Cortex-X3 - 639 pts / GHz (3.36 GHz / 2,146 pts) - 100.0%
Arm's Cortex-X4, in GB6 IPC, is really closing the gap vs Apple P-cores that, on average, have achieved very low IPC uplifts since 2020.

As we talked about in the Qualcomm Oryon threads, Oryon was delayed so long + Arm executed so consistently that the Cortex-X4 (devices launching 7+ months before Oryon devices) achieves 94% of the Oryon IPC. We've been waiting 3+ years for NUVIA's Phoenix uArch and it's now coming out that Arm's IPC was just right behind it all along.

That is incredible.

Updating with Qualcomm's fan speeds set to Qualcomm's default (instead of 100% above due to a Linux incompatibility), plus using the M3's actual perf / clocks. This is more representative of actual laptops, though the X4 & X3 are still from mobile devices.

The inaccuracy is in the frequency, because 1) all use different cooling and so 2) all these clocks are theoretical and not actual and 3) even worse (for accuracy) now that Apple and Qualcomm are using 1C/2C peak frequencies. Qualcomm itself measured a +8.9% uplift in GB6 1T by turning the fans to 100%. That seemingly indicates active cooling will be required for peak 1T perf (which may be true for M3 but haven't yet looked for M3 passive vs M3 active benchmarks).

TL;DR: Using Apple's peak M3 clocks & Qualcomm's thermal throttling, Apple's perf / GHz went down a bit and Qualcomm's went down a lot. Freakishly, now Arm's Cortex-X4 has higher perf per GHz than Oryon. Perf here all being GB6.1+ 1T tests.
  1. Apple M3 - 764 pts / GHz (4.056 GHz / 3,099 pts) - 119.6%
  2. Qualcomm SD8G3 / Arm Cortex-X4 - 706 pts / GHz (3.30 GHz / 2,329 pts) - 110.5%
  3. Qualcomm SDXE / NUVIA Oryon - 688 pts / GHz (4.30 GHz / 2,959 pts) - 107.6%
  4. Qualcomm SD8G2 / Arm Cortex-X3 - 639 pts / GHz (3.36 GHz / 2,146 pts) - 100.0%
  5. Intel i9-14900K / Raptor Lake - 522 pts / GHz (6.00 GHz / 3,134 pts) - 81.7%
  6. AMD 7950X / Zen4 - 512 pts / GHz (5.70 GHz / 2,916 pts) - 80.1%
It seems more appetizing for NVIDIA (among others) to enter the Windows on Arm device market as Arm's generic stock uArches are competing very well. Essentially, everyone is shipping ~3K cores on GB6.1+ in 2023 & 2024 (though x86 users need the highest SKUs & Arm customers will need to wait for a 4GHz Cortex-X4 design).
 
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ikjadoon

Member
Sep 4, 2006
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I'd love to see platforms report Geekbench's peak power draw. Phoronix did once with the 7840U.

Geekbench 6.1 | AMD 7840U | TSMC N4
1T / single-core: ~21W
nT / multi-core: ~30W

Unfortunately, that is the max power consumption, because Geekbench has intervals of zero CPU load between sub-tests.
 

FlameTail

Diamond Member
Dec 15, 2021
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It seems M3 Pro/Max is doing a bit higher, around 3200 ST, thanks to the larger L2 cache.
 
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