I think everyone has missed the bigger picture. Our science and math education in the US is, overall, pathetic.
People read about how American children aren't doing well in science and math and panic. What they fail to realize is that only a small percentage need to do well in those subjects.
Who cares if your waitress, plumber, or truck driver doesn't understand Calculus or Quantum Mechanics?
The overwhelming majority of jobs do not require or make any use of anything beyond basic math or science knowledge, even in prior decades before we were exposed to global labor arbitrage.
This issue is a red herring that's brought out by the free market dogmatists to try to trick the sheeple into thinking that the reason good American jobs are going overseas is because Americans suddenly became retarded in recent decades.
The real issue is whether or not sufficient Americans (that tiny 1% or 2% that we need) are majoring in math and science fields in college and whether they are learning those fields properly.
Most [edit: last I looked, it was increasing and very close to 50%; I assume by now that it's over 50%, but could be off just a little bit.] of our PhD students in those areas at our top universities are not American students.
One possible reason is that American students perceive that majoring in science and math is no longer lucrative and that they would be better served by going to medical school or by obtaining business degrees.
Did you know that a huge amount of PhD. scientists in America are underemployed-involuntarily-out-of-field? Today your average science doctorate will get stuck working in long-hour, low-paying gypsy scientist positions called postdocs (until they can no longer find their next postdoc). It's been estimated elsewhere that the "scientists career half-life" is only around ten years.
Here is some interesting food for thought:
The Real Science Gap: It's not insufficient schooling or a shortage of scientists. It's a lack of job opportunities. Americans need the reasonable hope that spending their youth preparing to do science will provide a satisfactory career.
Part of the problem is that our government allowed our universities to get flooded with foreign graduate students, which the schools use as a form of cheap labor to teach the undergraduates and to do the grunt work in the research laboratories. This has resulted in a large amount of PhD. overproduction.
If we want to ensure a strong future for our nation, we have to be at the cutting edge in technology. We rested. We sat back. We said "we're the best" while ignoring that a lot of countries realized that their best way out of the dark ages was to do the same thing - educate their citizens. We weren't worried - they didn't have the infrastructure to put their best people to work. They didn't have the financial resources to put their best people to work. But, that's changing, and once they get their shit together, you can kiss our #1 place in the world good-bye. And, until we get our priorities straight, we're going to go downhill.
We need to develop and enact economic policies that pursue broad, long-term American economic interests instead of the interests of a tiny percentage of wealthy Americans.
We may NOT be able to retain research and development in this country without subsidies simply because ideas can easily cross international borders and it would be irrational not to take advantage and to use knowledge discovered elsewhere. It may very well turn out that it doesn't make economic sense to engage in non-military R&D in this country. Why do it when foreign scientists will work for a fraction of the American middle class standard of living? (If a foreign scientist discovers a cure for cancer or a much more efficient microchip, it would be irrational of us not to use it simply because an American didn't invent it.)
Fortunately, the vast majority of jobs are not R&D, but rather manufacturing and non-innovative forms of white collar labor. Those jobs we can protect and can keep from crossing international borders.
Stop and think about this statistic: Between China and India, their top 10%, brightest students are MORE than all of the students in the U.S. put together.
Both nations have gigantic populations and supposedly the average Chinese IQ is higher than the average American IQ. The Chinese may have a genetic advantage in that area.
Interestingly, after India and China, the United States is (by far) the world's third most populous country.
The state of the future of automobiles is electric cars, period. And, the *RESEARCH* is moving to China. 50 years from now, you won't probably won't be able to purchase a gasoline powered car. Guess which world power is going to control the entire process, from R&D to manufacturing of the cars we drive (if we can still afford them with our service industry jobs.)
There might not be much we can do on the R&D front unless we want to subsidize American R&D, which might not make economic sense. What we can do is require that any electric vehicles and their components be manufactured in the United States. The vast majority of jobs in this area will be in the manufacturing and practical engineering of the vehicles, not in the innovative R&D.