I don't know any good sites for this, just what I've learned on my own.
Address systems vary greatly by locality. Some cities are very well laid-out, while others are beyond horrible.
One general given is that odd numered and even numbered addresses are almost always on opposite sides of the street from each other. Another is that most cities have some type of central point that all the address numbers are plotted from. A "0" address if you will and then numbers will get bigger from that point in each direction, like a descartesian grid.
IMO, the best laid out cities in America are
Portland, OR and
Salt Lake City, UT, although both are very differently designed.
Portland has narrow streets and short blocks, the east side is a near perfect grid (the west side is too hilly), and the city is split into 5 quadrants: SW, SE, NE, NW, and N (North and Northwest are essentially the same quadrant, but bisected by the Willamette River). The central point of the city (and much of the outlying areas) is the Burnside Bridge and street numbers and addresses get larger from there. Streets all run east-west and are named, avenues are all run north-south and are numbered. Address format is [house #] [directional] [street] or for example, 1200 NE 39th Ave. Go up 12 blocks from Burnside on 39th Ave and there you are.
SLC has wide streets and huge blocks (a single city block is 10 acres :Q ) and is very well grided. The central point is the intersection of State and South Temple. Address format is the most unique in the world and is almost never seen outside Utah, but amazingly functional once you understand it. It is [house #] [house directional] [street] [street directional]. For example, the address example for Portland above would be 1200 North 3900 East in SLC. Plot it like a grid and drive right to it.
Other cities fall off from there. Some cities have way too many directionals (Seattle has all 8 plus the central downtown core), others only use the directionals in address for certain quadrants (for example, IIRC Denver has 4 quadrants but only uses the directionals in adress for the S and E quadrants), while some never use them at all. I've even been in cities where house #'s and street #'s don't correspond in any way, where 400 N Main might be at the corner of 7th and Main (seriously!).
Anyway, I could go on so I think (hope) you get the point...