S&P may downgrade $12 bln of subprime securities
Rival rating agency Moody's cuts 399 mortgage-backed securities
By Alistair Barr, MarketWatch
Last Update: 5:28 PM ET Jul 10, 2007
SAN FRANCISCO (MarketWatch) - Wall Street's two largest rating agencies signaled on Tuesday that problems in the subprime mortgage market aren't going away and will probably get worse as rising delinquencies weigh on U.S. house prices.
Standard & Poor's said it may downgrade $12 billion of subprime mortgage-backed securities (RMBS), while rival Moody's Investors Service downgraded 399 RMBS.
S&P also said it's changing the way it evaluates subprime RMBS, partly because of unprecedented levels of misrepresentation and fraud, combined with potentially shoddy initial loan data. The new approach will be applied to new RMBS deals and could affect the ratings of other mortgage-backed securities, such as RMBS issued this year, the agency noted.
"This will impact everyone along the food chain," said Andy Chow, portfolio manager at SCM Advisors LLC, a $14 billion San Francisco-based investment firm specializing in fixed-income and structured-finance markets.
The announcements were a dramatic sign that subprime mortgage woes aren't going away and could prolong a downturn in the housing market. If that happens, U.S. economic growth could be hit harder and for longer than expected. Indeed, Home Depot (HD
Home Depot, said on Tuesday that a weakening U.S. housing market was affecting earnings more than anticipated just two months ago.
More specifically, moves by S&P and Moody's on Tuesday could mean that investors with exposure to these securities, and other derivatives linked to them, could face losses. S&P's new approach could also affect subprime mortgage originators and increase interest rates on subprime home loans.
S&P changes
Credit ratings on 612 classes of residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) backed by U.S. subprime collateral have been put on CreditWatch with negative implications, S&P said. Beginning in the next few days, the agency said most of these classes will be downgraded.
That covers about $12.078 billion in rated securities, or 2.13% of the $565.3 billion in U.S. RMBS rated by S&P between the fourth quarter of 2005 and the fourth quarter of 2006, the agency noted.
The agency said it's also reviewing ratings of Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) that invested in the RMBS that could be downgraded. (CDOs are a bit like mutual funds that hold asset-backed securities. Many CDOs bought subprime RMBS, helping to fuel the housing boom earlier this decade.)
"It's had an impact on investor psychology," SCM's Chow said. "Even though investors should have known this was coming, the actual visibility of it has changed attitudes."
Shares of investment banks Lehman Brothers (LEH
Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc fell more than 3.5% on Tuesday.
The ABX indexes, which track derivatives linked to subprime RMBS, also declined. An ABX index linked to BBB- rated tranches of RMBS issued during the second half of 2006 closed at 58.58, down from 61.20 on Monday. ABX indexes linked to AAA and AA rated RMBS also fell.
S&P's changes mean subprime borrowers could end up paying higher interest rates on home loans, Chow added.
'The ongoing weakness in both national and regional property markets will exacerbate losses with little prospect for improvement in the near term.'
? S&P
S&P said it was taking action because losses on the mortgages underlying these securities have risen more than expected and now exceed anything that happened before.
Losses will probably increase as the U.S. housing market -- especially parts financed with subprime loans -- continues to decline before it improves, S&P said. Property values will decline 8% on average between 2006 and 2008 and that will exacerbate losses on subprime RMBS, the agency explained.
The resetting of adjustable-rate subprime mortgages and the end of low teaser rates on fixed-rate home loans will also increase subprime RMBS losses, S&P added. Tighter underwriting standards imposed by lenders will leave fewer refinancing options for stretched borrowers, the agency also said.
"The ongoing weakness in both national and regional property markets will exacerbate losses with little prospect for improvement in the near term," the agency said. "Also, many of these transactions will likely encounter additional credit stress from upcoming interest rate and payment resets."
Moody's changes
Moody's said it downgraded 399 residential mortgage-backed securities because of higher-than-expected delinquencies on the underlying home loans.
The rating agency also said it put 32 other residential mortgage-backed securities (RMBS) under review for possible downgrades for the same reason.
The RMBS were sold in 2006 and are backed mainly by first lien adjustable- and fixed-rate subprime mortgage loans, Moody's added.
New data show that delinquencies and foreclosures continue to accumulate, S&P reported. Total aggregate losses on all subprime RMBS transactions since the final quarter of 2005 have reached 29 basis points, versus seven basis points in 2000. (A basis point is one hundredth of a percentage point).
S&P used 2000 as a comparison because, until now, that was the worse year for subprime losses in the past decade.
Alleged misrepresentations on credit reports were up significantly in 2006 and overall mortgage fraud has exceeded previous highs, S&P also reported.
The agency said borrower and loan data it used to rate RMBS may not have been accurate. That means important factors it analyzed to judge the risk of these securities -- such as borrowers' credit scores, loan-to-value levels and ownership status -- are proving less helpful in predicting performance, it explained.
S&P methodology changed
Given these problems, S&P said it's changing the way it analyzes and rates subprime RMBS. The agency said it will also apply much of this new methodology to subprime RMBS sold in 2007 (as well as the 2006 vintage) and future transactions.
When a part of a subprime RMBS is downgraded, the next highest-rated tranche will have to have a bigger cushion against losses (known as credit enhancement) to avoid being downgraded too, S&P said. In the past, higher-rated tranches weren't cut if they had the same level of credit enhancement as they had when they were first sold, the agency noted.
Assumptions on severity (how big losses will be when a property goes into foreclosure) have been ratcheted up to 40% from 33%, reflecting the current experience of businesses that service such loans, S&P said.
S&P's expectation for defaults on 30-year hybrid adjustable-rate mortgages with two-year initial teaser rates will jump by roughly 21%.
S&P said it will also step up its monitoring of how well subprime mortgage originators spot and limit fraud. That will include reviews of management experience and capabilities, use of mortgage brokers and other sales channels and underwriting guidelines, the agency explained.
Higher interest rates
S&P's changes will affect subprime RMBS that have already been rated and also securities that have yet to be rated, SCM's Chow explained.
The rating agency's new methodology may dent the pricing of future subprime RMBS and that could feed through to higher interest rates on subprime home loans, he explained.
Right now, roughly 75% of subprime RMBS transactions are rated AAA, while another 10% are rated AA and another 8% are rated single A. A further 7% are rated BBB or lower. The reason it is divided this way is that the lower-rated tranches provide credit support to the higher-rated parts, Chow said.
Under S&P's new system, it might be that only 70% of bonds can be AAA-rated and maybe 10% are AA, 10% are A and 10% are BBB or lower, Chow hypothesized.
"We don't know," he added. "We will get an idea relatively soon, but the full impact of this won't be known for a few months."
The final impact could be that subprime borrowers pay higher interest rates, he said.
When subprime bonds are divided up, the AAA parts sell at a higher price. When you can create fewer higher-rated bonds and have to issue more lower-rated bonds, the overall price has to be reduced. So the proceeds of these bonds will be lower.
That means subprime mortgage originators get less for the loans, which, in turn means the interest rate that prospective subprime home owners have to pay will likely go up, Chow explained.