A couple of additions to what's already been said. First, identify the manufacturer of your CD-ROM drive and go to their site to look for drivers. Alternatively, if your system is from an OEM like Dell or Gateway, go to their site for CD-ROM DOS drivers.
As has been said, the Win98 Start Up Disk has drivers on it for common ATAPI and SCSI CD-ROM drives (Adaptec, for SCSI). If your drive doesn't respond to one of the ATAPI drivers, or is on a SCSI controller other than Adaptec, you'll need to get either the drive's DOS driver or your SCSI card's DOS drivers.
Many CD-ROM DOS drivers can benefit from two additional command line arguments in the MSCDEX.EXE line in your autoexec.bat. At the end of that line add the command argument l:x, where x is the drive letter of your CD-ROM. Also on that line add m:4, which sets up a buffer for the CD-ROM drive. Note: if you add the drive letter argument, you should also add the following line to your config.sys file - lastdrive=z .
Bottom line is you may need to do some experimenting to find the optimal setup for your CD-ROM DOS driver.