I find your second statement ironic given your comments on the issue. First its $100 a day to add additives to the water to lower its corrosiveness
not to detox the existing water. So your statement is factually incorrect.
Second given the millions Flint and the State has spent over the last few years on water improvement (At least $5 million over the last 1.5 years) saying that Republicans wouldn't spend $37,000 on treating lead issues shows an ignorance of the issue at hand - and probably terrible reporting.
The city\state never held back from spending money to improve the water. The city took steps to deal with water issues as they came up adding various additives when issues appeared and taking steps to improve the treatment plant or flush the system.
There is some debate as to whether the DEQ followed the EPA testing measures but they did follow the corrosive control procedures. The Flint incident has caused the EPA to revisit and rewrite those guidelines.
This all started because Flint was paying an obscene amount to the Detroit Water Authority for their water. Prices that were helping bankrupt the city due to the long distances involved and the fees charged. Complicating the matter was that there was only a single pipe supplying the city. That pipe has been damaged more than once which left 250,000 people without access to water but the DWA won't add redundancy without at 30 year contract at incredibly high rates.
So Flint decided to connect to the Keregondi Water Authority in 2017. After this announcement the Detroit Water Authority notified the City of Flint that their water would be shut off in 2014 under their existing agreement - 3 years before Flint was ready for it. DWA was willing to sell Flint water in the short term but at a vastly higher rate (estimates are in the $5-7 million more per year).
This sent the city of Flint scrambling as the city really can't afford an extra $5-7M without major cutting to other key services (Fire, police, schools etc). One of the possible sources was the Flint river. The river was tested for potability and was found to meet the Safe Water drinking act standards (I am assuming this was after the treatment plan was considered).
When some issues started appearing (but before the lead showed up) the DWA offered to let Flint reconnect - but for $4 million in reconnection fees and $900,000 a month in other fees in addition to actual usage fees
Balking at $11 million in annual fees and $4million in one time fees Flint brought in outside consultants to try and resolve the issue with fairly generous funding. The DWA did agree to drop the reconnection fee later on but not the monthly fees. (This was before the lead was reported).
Governor Rick Snyder also approved $2 million for water treatment plant improvements.
In February the city meets its goals in improving levels of contaminants like TTHM so there appears to be progress in resolving the issues although $1.6 million is allocated for even further changes to improve the water quality.
The levels of TTHM likely adds a level of complexity of the issue. TTHM results from using too many chemicals to treat the water. I see some reports wanting to know why Flint just didn't add more chemicals to the water. Water treatment chemicals are a fine balancing act so you don't want to just dump more in unless you know exactly what you are going after and what the cause is. (And the issue was not lead levels in the water at or near the plant. The issue was corrosiveness causing lead leaching near some taps. So dumping a crap ton of additives to the water at the plant to deal with lead wouldn't fix the issue at the tap)
Keep in mind that the water was continually being tested by the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality and those results did not report high levels of lead. We may find that there was a culture of laziness or misinformation permeating the DEQ but the reports given to the Governor and the public showed no lead issues
From everything I have read the issue really stems from a single, tragically difficult issue to find. In 10% of tested Flint households water
at the tap was found to contain high levels of lead. If the statistics are correct (which is a tough call. DEQ studies show lower levels. DHHS and third parties show 10%. Some reports question the 10% but do not give percentages), then even random testing would likely not show an overall lead issue. If there is no lead at the plant, no lead at the interim testing sites and no lead at the faucets does that show there is a lead issue?
Given the large amounts the city and state were willing to spend on the issue I think its pretty clear that, if they had known the exact type of problem and the needed $100 per day fix that they absolutely would have done it.
Of interesting note a Snyder appointed representative (back before this issue started) seems to be squaring off with the DEQ over this issue. We may find that the DEQ was withholding information or releasing misleading information. Also the Virginia Tech team has publicly thanked the Governor and his Task Force for helping them with the issue - including getting access to information from the DEQ that was wrongfully withheld by the DEQ.
As for how long it took to Declare a State of Emergency - the governor, legally, has to wait for it to be requested before he can respond.
FWIW I did not vote for Snyder but I think blaming him for this is a stretch
Various links:
http://www.freep.com/story/opinion/columnists/nancy-kaffer/2015/10/03/life-flint-sickening-water/73219988/
http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2016/01/05/us-attorneys-office-investigating-lead-flint-water/78303960/
http://flintwaterstudy.org/
http://www.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/2015/11/18/flint-lead-problems-raised-national-water-hearing/75990848/
http://www.mlive.com/news/flint/index.ssf/2015/10/how_the_flint_water_crisis_eme.html#0