The unions DID force the Big Three to commit to benefits (a.k.a. COSTS) based on a competitive and market situation that assumed 1965 was going to last forever, and then refused to compromise in any way when it was clear to everyone that 1965 was gone and never coming back again. The unions DID force the companies into agreements that made it cost prohibitive for them to modernize factories and utilize technology (stated purpose of the UAW Jobs Bank). The unions DID force companies to compete in the market against cars that cost 20% ~ 30% less to manufacture by foreign companies using the manufacturing technology the UAW effectively hindered the Big Three from adopting. The unions DID force the Big Three to resort to cost-saving measures in the design and manufacture of their vehicles in order to compete, since they couldn't get anywhere with labor costs or benefit from the state of art technologies used by their foreign competitors.