Life on other Planets (Or: "Is there a Taco Bell on Kepler452b?")

flexy

Diamond Member
Sep 28, 2001
8,464
155
106
Astronomy and astrobiology has come a long way in just the last few years.
There are all those recently confirmed exoplanets, this number is at 2000 right now and of course the discovery of what scientists call "Earth like planets".

For me, the biggest discovery in recent years is the fact that scientists now assume that every star (!) has a planet system. I was told that by an astronomer and was baffled since this was something I didn't know yet.

But ok, let us do a little fantasy game here.

Let's take "Kepler 452b", this recently discovered "Earth's older cousin" which is probably the most "Earth-like" planet we found to date.



Let's imagine that we built a space-ship and this space ship is on the way to Kepler 452b.(The fact that this planet is 1,400ly away we can conveniently ignore, let's assume we found some technology where this distance wouldn't matter).

So, let's speculate we are going to this "Earth's cousin" since we're not 100 sure about whether there is life there, and let's assume we need this mission to find out.

So, in your mind we're on this space ship and we traveled some time, and now it's getting close to approach. (You can see this mysterious Kepler452 from your window when you look out from the ship).


The planet comes in sight and its true, it's really "Earth's cousin", this becomes immediately clear since everyone can see land masses, water, even the shimmer of an atmosphere. It really looks like a second Earth and you can barely wait until the ship descents and the planet can be explored.

Now, in our minds, let's imagine how this second Earth might look. You see mountain ranges, oceans, clouds. You can see there is weather in the atmosphere, rain, storms etc. You see large landmasses and small islands.

My question is now, once you realize that this planet is Earth's cousin/twin, how high are the odds that you will NOT find any form of life?

How high are the odds that you have a planet which is in the right distance to a star with the right temperatures, which looks similar to Earth, which has water and an atmosphere and this planet does not have one single living cell or anything remotely organic on it?

Wouldn't the complete lack of life be much less likely than expecting the obvious, that upon landing on the planet you would also find, say plants and then of course whatever types of "animals"?

This mind-play is interesting since, IMHO, it's now on an entirely different background as, say, just 20-30 years ago where just the idea of an "Earth-like planet" was science fiction. But now this is scientific fact and puts things in a different perspective..aka...this idea of life on another planet should now be a lot less outlandish than back then.

But..let's continue this.

If we know realize that the odds for life on such a planet really should be quite high and we accept (mentally), say, that plants and mammals really might be living on such a planet, THEN we can also make the mental jump and make an entirely scientific and sane assumption that there could also be an entire civilization living on the planet. (The mental jump from assuming, say, some type of mammals jumping around on the planet and then also assuming a civilization on the planet is NOT far fetched, especially since we know that Kepler452b is 1.5B years older than Earth)

This is not some random "life on other planets?" thread because there sure exist many where people normally argue the pros and cons, abiogenesis, "the odds", evolution...and last but not least religion.

It is more like..the realization that "planets like Earth" *do* exist and that we have confirmation about this..and how this might affect our thinking and acceptance of life elsewhere.

If you ask me, if I were part of this mission to this planet and I would step out and it looks all awesome like a second Earth...but I find in experiments there is no single living organism/cell...I would be highly perplexed. For me, the logical consequence would be there must be life too.

So...the idea of approaching such a planet and then all-of-a-sudden facing, say, the "Kepler452b" equivalent of, say, cities, buildings and maybe even, let's fantasize, some Kepler452b-ish FastFood-chain outlet sitting near a road that you spot from your ship becomes indeed "more likely" just from the realization that planet's "like Earth" do exist. (The "timing problem" that if two civilizations would meet and that they need to meet "just at the right time", and not billions of years "out of sync" I also conveniently leave out here).

**

Edit, sorry to make this even longer.

I added a catchy subtitle with "Taco Bell on Kepler452b" so you see where I am going there (and for entertainment purposes).

Yes of course, there won't be a "Taco Bell" and there also won't be "Mexican" food.

But if we assume a high probability of life and therefore a likelihood for "civilization" as well, the question is whether such a civilization would also at some point have incorporated things such as a language, an economy, trade etc. And if we go there with this "mind game", then the idea of a fastfood outlet on Kepler452 is indeed not too far off.

Of course it wouldn't be "Taco Bell", let's say it's called "Burblefatz" or whatever. And right now, in one of the Burblefatz joints there might be sitting some Kepleranians and having the same debate about possible life on other planets while eating some Ujitos from the Amburian region together with a Frizzlebuzz drink. The question is..how far fetched is thinking like this?
 
Last edited:

sandorski

No Lifer
Oct 10, 1999
70,127
5,657
126
There just isn't enough data to discuss Probabilities at this point. We have found some of the "building blocks of Life" on asteroids, which would seem to indicate that some process might exist outside of Earth that could and maybe even must occur. If we can discover what that process is and other aspects of Abiogenesis, then we might be able to begin assigning Probabilities of Life in other solar systems, even at this distance.

If we did find Life on another planet it could be so different from us, yet recognizable as Life. Maybe there would be Plants and Animals, or maybe Plantimals or some strange thing. Could be Microbial only as well. Pretty sure it would have some kind of reproductive system, acquisition/processing of energy/nutrients, limited Life span(although I suppose this isn't necessary), and probably a system of mobility. At any rate, even if the Life forms are vastly different from Earths', it should be fairly obvious that it is Life. It would certainly be exciting and likely somewhat frightening to be the first to discover it though.
 

woolfe9998

Lifer
Apr 8, 2013
16,189
14,102
136
Right, the probability of abiogenesis occurring under earth like conditions is as yet unknown. However, given the number of earth type exo-planets we've already discovered, they're estimating the total number in the galaxy in the billions or possibly 10's of billions. This would seem to bode well for the prospect of there being life somewhere else besides here.
 

Murloc

Diamond Member
Jun 24, 2008
5,382
65
91
There just isn't enough data to discuss Probabilities at this point. We have found some of the "building blocks of Life" on asteroids, which would seem to indicate that some process might exist outside of Earth that could and maybe even must occur. If we can discover what that process is and other aspects of Abiogenesis, then we might be able to begin assigning Probabilities of Life in other solar systems, even at this distance.

If we did find Life on another planet it could be so different from us, yet recognizable as Life. Maybe there would be Plants and Animals, or maybe Plantimals or some strange thing. Could be Microbial only as well. Pretty sure it would have some kind of reproductive system, acquisition/processing of energy/nutrients, limited Life span(although I suppose this isn't necessary), and probably a system of mobility. At any rate, even if the Life forms are vastly different from Earths', it should be fairly obvious that it is Life. It would certainly be exciting and likely somewhat frightening to be the first to discover it though.
well what if it reproduces but it's based on totally different mechanisms?
 

cbrunny

Diamond Member
Oct 12, 2007
6,791
406
126
Depending on how Earth-like the planet is is, as soon as you step foot onto the new planet you may have begun spreading the seeds of life via bacteria/once-celled-organisms shedding from your body.
 

flexy

Diamond Member
Sep 28, 2001
8,464
155
106
If we did find Life on another planet it could be so different from us, yet recognizable as Life. Maybe there would be Plants and Animals, or maybe Plantimals or some strange thing. Could be Microbial only as well.
I am aware that there are factors on other planets which would influence, say, the appearance of life. A different gravity alone would mean entirely differently built beings. Depending how long their day lasts or the intensity of their star, or the makeup of their artmosphere etc... MANY, MANY factors which can influence how life would turn out.

But let's speculate that life "appeared" and there are the same mechanisms at work so that life (for some reason) organizes itself more and more and becomes increasingly more intelligent.

At some point we have a "civilization", and one of most interesting thoughts (for me) would be whether things such as developing language (better: communication), economics, religion etc. would develop as a "logical" result. Or would a civilization on another planet turn out ENTIRELY different?

Of course this is all sort-of frustrating to think about because obviously we CAN not do more than speculate about such things.
 

Guurn

Senior member
Dec 29, 2012
319
30
91
All of this is a common thread in science fiction. Breaking it down a bit.

If we stick around long enough as a species eventually we will make it to other planets in other solar systems unless for some reason it is literally impossible. Assuming it is possible eventually we should be able to find other life. Many if not most animals communicate, communication isn't rare on this planet. IF there is any sort of life on those planets it is safe to assume that we will see communication. We don't know now what they are thinking about, hell most of the time I have no clue about what my wife is thinking.

Some planets will be dead just like some of the planets in our solar system seem to be dead.

Every plant on this planet is poisonous to some degree and we have adapted along with them to be able to eat them. We won't be able to eat anything on those planets. We will probably be able to boil water and drink it. Essentially every planet will be mostly dead to us until we get our own plants and animals thriving there(and bacteria etc).

On religion- Finding life on other planets has no bearing on what they believe. As I was told be a born again friend 30 years ago," If we find life on other planets then Jesus will have died for them as well."

Reproduction- Tons of things on this planet reproduce in ways that doesn't work for us. What's the big deal?

Societies living right next to each other on this planet develop dramatically different, why would it be surprising it their society and interactions are significantly different from ours?
 

SMOGZINN

Lifer
Jun 17, 2005
14,218
4,446
136
If the planet is recognizably earthlike then it has, or at least recently had, life on it. Earth has been shaped by life as much as life was shaped by Earth. Our oxygen/carbon atmosphere is a product of life, even liquid water is probably a product of life, as without life on the Earth the balance of atmospheric gasses that allow for a steady temperature capable of maintaining liquid water would not be sustained, and eventually all the water would probably end up in the arctic ice caps or suspended in the atmosphere since runaway atmospheric events would have nothing to stop them. Without life Earth would probably end up looking like Mars of Venus.
 
Last edited:

sandorski

No Lifer
Oct 10, 1999
70,127
5,657
126
I am aware that there are factors on other planets which would influence, say, the appearance of life. A different gravity alone would mean entirely differently built beings. Depending how long their day lasts or the intensity of their star, or the makeup of their artmosphere etc... MANY, MANY factors which can influence how life would turn out.

But let's speculate that life "appeared" and there are the same mechanisms at work so that life (for some reason) organizes itself more and more and becomes increasingly more intelligent.

At some point we have a "civilization", and one of most interesting thoughts (for me) would be whether things such as developing language (better: communication), economics, religion etc. would develop as a "logical" result. Or would a civilization on another planet turn out ENTIRELY different?

Of course this is all sort-of frustrating to think about because obviously we CAN not do more than speculate about such things.

I suspect some form of those are necessary. Especially Language and Economics. Religion, maybe not, or at least possibly not the Mystical/Magical forms we have. Mathematics and Science would be necessary. This is assuming and Advanced Technological Civilization.
 

flexy

Diamond Member
Sep 28, 2001
8,464
155
106
It's really difficult trying to think *beyond* our own horizons, say, to imagine a society which developed without any of our concepts. (Language, math, science, economy, etc..)

I think there are pro arguments and against arguments WHETHER another civilization would at some point "come up" with those same (or very similar concepts)....it's really difficult since we simply can't know and there are so many factors which could influence how a species develops.

Against (similar concepts developing) speaks when I just look around HERE on Earth.
We are the ONLY species which at some point developed concepts like Math, Science, Economics etc. and monkeys, dolphins etc. did NOT although they evolved on the same planet, exposed to the same factors.

So, are monkeys "just" not intelligent enough so they never developed those things? (Yes they can figure out to use sticks to pick fruits, stuff like that, but I wouldn't consider this "science" obviously)

Or did they not develop those concepts because they did not need them?

Simple example here...that we live in self-made structures like huts, houses etc. or that we at some point learned to use fire etc. (likely ?) because of a need to survive but maybe NOT as a "logical consequence" of the process of "evolution of an intelligent species?"

Would then possibly intelligence also MERELY ONLY evolve based on needs and the environment?

Differently: If the planet has harsh conditions and an intelligent species, chances are that concepts like science, language, arts etc. DO develop ultimately.

If the planet is as "cozy" as it only gets and there is abundance of everything, species on that planet might stay "stupid" because initially...there is no need for their brains/minds to even evolve...and when their minds would not evolve, neither would concepts like philosophy, science, arts etc. at a later time.

Interesting to think about it.
 
Last edited:

KillerBee

Golden Member
Jul 2, 2010
1,753
82
91
Have a feeling the Kepler 452b'ites having 2billion years more experience will probably visit us first or they just don't like Mexican food - so are staying away on purpose.
 

StinkyPinky

Diamond Member
Jul 6, 2002
6,829
875
126
Life will be totally different. For example, maybe this life breathes oxygen but the oxygen content on the planet is 50%. This would allow for much large life forms assuming gravity is also reasonable. You could have 20 feet tall sentient species.
 

Murloc

Diamond Member
Jun 24, 2008
5,382
65
91
If the planet is recognizably earthlike then it has, or at least recently had, life on it. Earth has been shaped by life as much as life was shaped by Earth. Our oxygen/carbon atmosphere is a product of life, even liquid water is probably a product of life, as without life on the Earth the balance of atmospheric gasses that allow for a steady temperature capable of maintaining liquid water would not be sustained, and eventually all the water would probably end up in the arctic ice caps or suspended in the atmosphere since runaway atmospheric events would have nothing to stop them. Without life Earth would probably end up looking like Mars of Venus.
well the magnetic field also plays a part.....

but the athmosphere is indeed like it is because of life. And it's subject to change all the time along with life.
 

MongGrel

Lifer
Dec 3, 2013
38,751
3,068
121
Have a feeling the Kepler 452b'ites having 2billion years more experience will probably visit us first or they just don't like Mexican food - so are staying away on purpose.

:biggrin:

"Beep Beep" *jumps into ship.*
 

SMOGZINN

Lifer
Jun 17, 2005
14,218
4,446
136
But if we assume a high probability of life and therefore a likelihood for "civilization" as well, the question is whether such a civilization would also at some point have incorporated things such as a language, an economy, trade etc. And if we go there with this "mind game", then the idea of a fastfood outlet on Kepler452 is indeed not too far off.

If there is 'civilization' then it is pretty sure that they have at least language of some sort. Without the ability to pass knowledge between individuals you have nothing even approaching civilization, you have at best some highly skilled and technological individuals.
That leads us to an interesting question, is a Borg like society, comprised of many individuals that share a single mind, a civilization or just a really complex organism?
 

Ken g6

Programming Moderator, Elite Member
Moderator
Dec 11, 1999
16,282
3,904
75
There are three important questions to be answered before we can figure out the probability of intelligent life on other planets. From the Drake Equation:



They roughly correspond to:

fl = the fraction of planets that could support life that actually develop life at some point

The first question is, how hard is it to develop life? On Earth life developed pretty quickly. But that's only one data point, and it could be a fluke, or an effect like the Anthropic Principle. Meaning we might not be here to discuss this if life hadn't developed early. Which also leads to question 2:

fi = the fraction of planets with life that actually go on to develop intelligent life (civilizations)

To go from simple bacteria to intelligent life seems to take several steps, and a very long time. The PBS series Australia's First 4 Billion Years was eye-opening to me on this.

It seems like anaerobic organisms can't become multicellular and intelligent. So, first, you need bacteria, of any kind.

Second, a young planet's atmosphere is oxygen-poor, so you need bacteria to develop that can photosynthesize, and release oxygen as a waste product.

Third, free oxygen is corrosive, so it will attack anything that can easily oxidize. So it will be chemically bound out of the atmosphere, until all the surface substances that can easily oxidize are oxidized. This, in particular, includes iron, which is one reason I think simple life may have evolved on Mars. This takes a long time - billions of years - and some planets may never develop an oxygen atmosphere.

Fourth, free oxygen is corrosive, so it will attack anything that can easily oxidize. Once there's enough free oxygen in a planet's atmosphere, that includes the primitive life itself. Life almost died out during the Great Oxygenation Event. So, aerobic bacteria probably have to evolve pretty quickly, or the whole planet may die.

Fifth, once you get aerobic life, how long does it usually take to produce multi-cellular life? On Earth, that took another couple of billion years. On some planets it may never happen at all.

The step from multi-cellular life to intelligent life seems to be pretty short - relatively. But, again, that occurrence on Earth may be a fluke.

L = the length of time for which such civilizations release detectable signals into space[8][9]

So, the third big question is, once there is intelligent life on a planet, how long does civilization exist there? It seems like intelligent life is very resilient and adaptable. The exception being nuclear weapons, which could destroy all large animal life on Earth. Barring that, I expect humans, or beings evolved from humans, to survive for a billion years or so on Earth. But in our history, civilizations have collapsed frequently. I can't think of any civilization that's survived for more than about four thousand years. The good news is, they tend to rebuild, eventually. So there might be a "Burblefatz" joint, but it may be on top of the ruins of a "Qboda" joint, on top of the ruins of a "Ha'DIbaH Qam", etc.

(P.S. The Bing Klingon translator seems to be terrible. I translated that from "Meat stand", but it translates back as "Dog Alien". I didn't mean anything by that, I swear!)
 

MongGrel

Lifer
Dec 3, 2013
38,751
3,068
121
There are three important questions to be answered before we can figure out the probability of intelligent life on other planets. From the Drake Equation:



They roughly correspond to:

fl = the fraction of planets that could support life that actually develop life at some point

The first question is, how hard is it to develop life? On Earth life developed pretty quickly. But that's only one data point, and it could be a fluke, or an effect like the Anthropic Principle. Meaning we might not be here to discuss this if life hadn't developed early. Which also leads to question 2:

fi = the fraction of planets with life that actually go on to develop intelligent life (civilizations)

To go from simple bacteria to intelligent life seems to take several steps, and a very long time. The PBS series Australia's First 4 Billion Years was eye-opening to me on this.

It seems like anaerobic organisms can't become multicellular and intelligent. So, first, you need bacteria, of any kind.

Second, a young planet's atmosphere is oxygen-poor, so you need bacteria to develop that can photosynthesize, and release oxygen as a waste product.

Third, free oxygen is corrosive, so it will attack anything that can easily oxidize. So it will be chemically bound out of the atmosphere, until all the surface substances that can easily oxidize are oxidized. This, in particular, includes iron, which is one reason I think simple life may have evolved on Mars. This takes a long time - billions of years - and some planets may never develop an oxygen atmosphere.

Fourth, free oxygen is corrosive, so it will attack anything that can easily oxidize. Once there's enough free oxygen in a planet's atmosphere, that includes the primitive life itself. Life almost died out during the Great Oxygenation Event. So, aerobic bacteria probably have to evolve pretty quickly, or the whole planet may die.

Fifth, once you get aerobic life, how long does it usually take to produce multi-cellular life? On Earth, that took another couple of billion years. On some planets it may never happen at all.

The step from multi-cellular life to intelligent life seems to be pretty short - relatively. But, again, that occurrence on Earth may be a fluke.

L = the length of time for which such civilizations release detectable signals into space[8][9]

So, the third big question is, once there is intelligent life on a planet, how long does civilization exist there? It seems like intelligent life is very resilient and adaptable. The exception being nuclear weapons, which could destroy all large animal life on Earth. Barring that, I expect humans, or beings evolved from humans, to survive for a billion years or so on Earth. But in our history, civilizations have collapsed frequently. I can't think of any civilization that's survived for more than about four thousand years. The good news is, they tend to rebuild, eventually. So there might be a "Burblefatz" joint, but it may be on top of the ruins of a "Qboda" joint, on top of the ruins of a "Ha'DIbaH Qam", etc.

(P.S. The Bing Klingon translator seems to be terrible. I translated that from "Meat stand", but it translates back as "Dog Alien". I didn't mean anything by that, I swear!)

But what if the aliens show up and laugh at you for that

:sneaky:
 

disappoint

Lifer
Dec 7, 2009
10,137
382
126
But what if the aliens show up and laugh at you for that

:sneaky:

They wouldn't show up. They'd more likely laugh from afar, if they would laugh at all. Or they might just do the equivalent of SMH.

They would likely first find out about our uncivilized civilization from our radio, TV and other EM broadcasts, and study us from afar for a long while before even making it possible for us to even notice their existence.

They would probably encrypt their own use of EM to the point where we wouldn't even be able to distinguish it from noise, aka the CMB radiation. So we wouldn't even know they exist. They would do this for safety reasons, because of all the APD cases out there amongst us.

That is if they're smart about it. Otherwise they'd be dumb enough to be quite dangerous to us. In which case we should be the ones encrypting all of our transmissions to the point of being indistinguishable from noise, lest we be discovered and eaten. Or worse.
 

woolfe9998

Lifer
Apr 8, 2013
16,189
14,102
136
Discovery of flowing water on Mars = increased likelihood of life - likely past rather than present - but life nonetheless.
 

flexy

Diamond Member
Sep 28, 2001
8,464
155
106
Yes, mind you we're dealing with BILLIONS of years here...so the likelihood that we actually encounter advanced life on another planet is always very slim....it could always be some billions of years OFF to the past or in the future.

That being said I also believe that Mars was once lush/habitable/full with life (all evidence points to it)...and POSSIBLY Earth's life even came from Mars, who knows...
 
sale-70-410-exam    | Exam-200-125-pdf    | we-sale-70-410-exam    | hot-sale-70-410-exam    | Latest-exam-700-603-Dumps    | Dumps-98-363-exams-date    | Certs-200-125-date    | Dumps-300-075-exams-date    | hot-sale-book-C8010-726-book    | Hot-Sale-200-310-Exam    | Exam-Description-200-310-dumps?    | hot-sale-book-200-125-book    | Latest-Updated-300-209-Exam    | Dumps-210-260-exams-date    | Download-200-125-Exam-PDF    | Exam-Description-300-101-dumps    | Certs-300-101-date    | Hot-Sale-300-075-Exam    | Latest-exam-200-125-Dumps    | Exam-Description-200-125-dumps    | Latest-Updated-300-075-Exam    | hot-sale-book-210-260-book    | Dumps-200-901-exams-date    | Certs-200-901-date    | Latest-exam-1Z0-062-Dumps    | Hot-Sale-1Z0-062-Exam    | Certs-CSSLP-date    | 100%-Pass-70-383-Exams    | Latest-JN0-360-real-exam-questions    | 100%-Pass-4A0-100-Real-Exam-Questions    | Dumps-300-135-exams-date    | Passed-200-105-Tech-Exams    | Latest-Updated-200-310-Exam    | Download-300-070-Exam-PDF    | Hot-Sale-JN0-360-Exam    | 100%-Pass-JN0-360-Exams    | 100%-Pass-JN0-360-Real-Exam-Questions    | Dumps-JN0-360-exams-date    | Exam-Description-1Z0-876-dumps    | Latest-exam-1Z0-876-Dumps    | Dumps-HPE0-Y53-exams-date    | 2017-Latest-HPE0-Y53-Exam    | 100%-Pass-HPE0-Y53-Real-Exam-Questions    | Pass-4A0-100-Exam    | Latest-4A0-100-Questions    | Dumps-98-365-exams-date    | 2017-Latest-98-365-Exam    | 100%-Pass-VCS-254-Exams    | 2017-Latest-VCS-273-Exam    | Dumps-200-355-exams-date    | 2017-Latest-300-320-Exam    | Pass-300-101-Exam    | 100%-Pass-300-115-Exams    |
http://www.portvapes.co.uk/    | http://www.portvapes.co.uk/    |