Huh?? What's the difference between the space station and some other space craft that is already up to speed? You seem to be implying the ability to scan an infinite distance. What instruments are you going to use that have that kind of resolving power? i.e. even the Hubble telescope isn't powerful enough to see the lunar lander on the moon. Thus, if the limit of technology had that ability, you could accelerate up to speed at 2 or 3 times the distance from the Earth to the moon away from your target, shut off your engines, flush your engines with liquid helium to cool them, etc., and drift along undetected.
On top of that, where are these magical detectors that are capable of scanning at that resolution in every possible direction? It amazes me that you deny technology the ability to keep the outside of a ship at 3K, while allowing the technology to scan 360 degrees in real time with an insane level of resolution.
The difference is that the Space Craft needed to accelerate in order to get up to speed, which releases a significant amount of thermal radiation. While the range of thermal radiation isn't infinite, its still far reaching and easy to detect. Our current passive sensors can detect the Space shuttles maneuvering thrusters quite easily from the asteroid belt.
The hubble telescope analogy is flawed because it is designed to observe far away galaxies, not the moon. It would be like trying to see an entire basketball on a microscope, its just not meant for that purpose. Also, it seems to do just fine studying radiation emissions from galaxies light years away.
Also, assuming current technology
"A full spherical sky search is 41,000 square degrees. A wide angle lens will cover about 100 square degrees (a typical SLR personal camera is about 1 square degree); you'll want overlap, so call it 480 exposures for a full sky search, with each exposure taking about 350 megapixels.
Estimated exposure time is about 30 seconds per 100 square degrees of sky looking for a magnitude 12 object (which is roughly what the drive I spec'd out earlier would be). So, 480 / 2 is 240 minutes, or about
4 HOURS for a complete sky survey. This will require signal processing of about 150 gigapizels per two hours, and take a terabyte of storage per sweep.
That sounds like a lot, but...
Assuming 1280x1024 resolution, playing an MMO at 60 frames per second...78,643,200 = 78 megapixels per second. Multiply by 14400 seconds for 4 hours, and you're in the realm of 1 terapixel per sky sweep Now, digital image comparison is in some ways harder, some ways easier than a 3-D gaming environment. We'll say it's about 8x as difficult - that means playing World of Warcraft on a gaming system for four hours is about comparable to 75 gigapixels of full sky search. So not quite current hardware, but probably a computer generation (2 years) away. Making it radiation hardened to work in space, and built to government procurement specs, maybe 8-10 years away.
I can buy terabyte hard drive arrays
now.
I can reduce scan time by adding more sensors, but my choke point becomes data processing. On the other hand, it's not unreasonable to assume that the data processing equipment will get significantly better at about the same rate that gaming PCs get significantly better.
Now, this system has limits - it'll have trouble picking up a target within about 2 degrees of the sun without an occlusion filter, and even with one, it'll take extra time for those exposures.
It won't positively identify a target - it'll just give brightness and temperature and the fact that it's something radiating like a star that moves relative to the background.
On the other hand, at the thrusts given above, it'll take somewhere around 2 days of thrust to generate the delta v to move from Earth to Mars, and the ship will be in transit for about 1-4 months depending on planetary positions."
http://www.adastragames.com/index.html
So yeah, in the future, assuming space wars even happen (This is debatable) imagine having more than a couple of scanners scanning the sky in real time.
Also, like i said, a ship that has its engines off still generates significant amount of heat. Unless you keep the entire ship at 3 degrees during the entire trip, you're going have heat being generated which in turn needs to go somewhere.