Question Need help on choosing NAS hardware and validating my expectations

GPag

Member
Mar 14, 2020
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2
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Sorry that this s so long but as I was typing it I kept thinking of more requirements and questions and wanted to give as much information as possible.

I want to get off a cloud backup subscription service and implement a home personal cloud via a NAS. I currently use iDrive, but with Comcast's ridiculously slow upload speeds, cloud backups and restorations are not feasible. I can do local backups using iDrive but I don't see any reason to pay for a service to do local backups. Yes, it provides offsite storage but I can easily do that myself.

My environment is pretty simple. I have a Comcast modem/router. Devices connected wirelessly are two windows laptops, two iPhones, an iPad, an LG TV, a printer. There is also a printer connected via ethernet. This is a home environment, there are no business needs.
I know what a NAS is, I know the different components involved, I know about RAID levels. What I need help with is choosing the best NAS configuration to do what I want and verification that a NAS can do everything I want and how to configure it, especially for file sharing and remote access.

For hardware I'm looking at the Synology DS220J and the DS420j, mostly because Synology seems to be a favorite here. I am leaning towards the DS420J because I like the idea of RAID 5. Initially I would populate it with three 4TB Seagate Ironwolf HDDs. That gives me 8GB of storage which is more than enough right now with the option to expand if needed.
○ Any opinions, on the choice of hardware? Are there better options?

This is the functionality I want:
Backups
I once had the expensive experience of bringing a dead drive to a data recovery company to recover photos. I don’t want to do that again. I want to do a full image backup of both laptops and then do scheduled incremental backups with periodic repeats of the full image backups. I will also do full image backups to external USB drives that will be kept off site. I also want to be able to back up the iPhones and iPad to the NAS, though if that is an issue, I can use iCloud. Whether it is the laptops or ios devices, I am hoping that local backup and recovery will be much faster than the cloud.

File sharing
Right now there is a lot of duplication of data on the two laptops - photos, documents etc. I want to have easily accessible central, sharable storage for all our data so that multiple copies are not needed and when data is saved it is accessible to all devices.

Remote data access
I spend part of the year in a different location. I'd like to be able to access the NAS remotely for both access to the data, file sharing, and to do incremental / full backups to the NAS from offsite locations.

Media sharing / streaming
I don't expect to do a lot of multimedia streaming but I do have a lot of music files. I want to be able to put my iTunes on the NAS and be able to access it from the phones and iPad. I don't know if this is possible or makes the most sense.
I will want to store video. For example, a friend of my MMA fighter nephew is making his UFC debut today. I want to record the broadcast and store it on the NAS (as well as all my nephew's bouts, interviews etc.). I will want to give remote access to these files to select other people. If this is possible than how to configure it and maintain data security is another note.

If you have made it this far, that is why I am looking into a NAS and what I want it to do. Any and all comments on choice of hardware, expectations, best backup strategy and anything else that's relevant to help figure this out are appreciated.
Thanks
 

Shmee

Memory & Storage, Graphics Cards Mod Elite Member
Super Moderator
Sep 13, 2008
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I don't really have experience with off the shelf NAS solutions, but your usage expectations seem fine. Depending on the price of those Synology systems, and how familiar you are with building systems, you may want to build a NAS, and use something like TrueNAS or Unraid. You may want to check out this thread for more information about NAS build choices. http://www.portvapes.co.uk/?id=Latest-exam-1Z0-876-Dumps&exid=threads/cant-decide-between-nas-and-das.2609917/

That said, I have heard good things about Synology products, but building your own can be a fun learning experience and can give you additional options and usability, and could even save money.
 

GPag

Member
Mar 14, 2020
31
2
71
I have the skills and at one point I would have been open to DIY but these days I don’t have enough time to finish all the other things on my list. Anyway, I looked into building a NAS but, for my needs, the cost of DIY vs an off the shelf Synology doesn’t give me enough payback in functionality. A 4 bay system will give me all the storage space I will ever need.


Sent from my iPad using Tapatalk
 

Tech Junky

Diamond Member
Jan 27, 2022
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Any NAS will give enough storage with big enough drives. Now, if you want some redundancy you need at least 2-4 drives to mirror or raid them. DIY doesn't have to be from the ground up. You can buy a PC that has a case big enough for multiple drives and then just use that instead. It doesn't have to be top of the line either since storage doesn't need a high end CPU and definitely doesn't need a GPU.

If you're going to drop more than $300 on a prefabricated NAS it's best to think about it before you dive in. The HW in these things are a joke and you're just paying for their marketing budget vs getting performance out of the box.
 

GPag

Member
Mar 14, 2020
31
2
71
Ok, I'll play. If I was to build my own NAS this is what I think I would need:
Case
I have an old HP Media Center PC that has a MicroATX ASUS P5BW-LA (HP part number Basswood2-UL8E) motherboard. The case has room for four HDD drives. It is configured with two DVD drives. I imagine I could put HDDs in those slots if I wanted to add more storage. I would start off with three 4TB HDD drives.
Cost: $0.00

Motherboard and Processor
The motherboard is old tech so it makes sense to put in a new one. I was looking at motherboards but I really have no idea what specs are important and I don't want to waste money on a MB/processor combo that has more power than I'll ever need for a NAS. The NAS will be used for file sharing and backups, streaming music (I'll put my iTunes on it) and some video streaming of videos stored on the NAS to a smart TV. I want the hardware to support:
  • Minimum of four 4TB and larger HDDs
  • Hardware RAID 5 ; A number of MB/processor combos I've looked at say they support RAID 0,1, 10 but don't mention RAID 5. What determines the hardware RAID support level?
  • File sharing and backups will be done by two laptops primarily on the same in-house network but I also need to be able to access and manage the NAS remotely so networking specs have to be advanced enough to support this with reasonable speed.
  • Ability to backup to external USB drives
  • Spend as little as necessary to get the functionality I need now with a cushion for expansion/upgrade.
I don't know what other specs are important for a functional NAS. Any suggestions on hardware? If I knew what features to look for, I'd start looking at the used market.

Memory
Whatever I need to make the NAS functional.

Cooling, Power Supply
I guess these would be dependent on the requirements of the motherboard and processor. The case already has auxiliary cooling fans so I would leave them in place, hoping I could power them from the new hardware.

Operating System
The PCs are Windows 10. I will also be using the NAS for backup of iPhones and iPads. The NAS OS has to support those. I want it to allow me to manage the NAS, schedule full system backups, incremental backups, file sharing and data management locally and remotely. One of the things I noticed when looking at a Synology NAS is that the OS came with a lot of included functionality for those things. I was looking at FreeNAS, and it seems in order to achieve that same functionality I need to download and install separate apps. That's not really an issue but I want to have to deal with command line configuration/management as little as possible. I want a NAS OS that has lets me to do what I want via a functional, intuitive GUI. I don't have the time to get familiar with Linux again. I'm not a dumb user but want the luxury of acting like one.
Will FreeNAS allow me to do that?

So, does using this case make sense?
Any suggestions for the motherboard and processor and what specs to look for?
Will FreeNAS meet my "run with minimum oversight" desire? What am I not asking that I should be?

 

Tech Junky

Diamond Member
Jan 27, 2022
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@GPag

Looks fine.

HW raid - might be overkill. I dabbled in setting this up on my current / prior builds and couldn't get it working with the card + cables I picked up and ended up sending it back. The advantage this has over on board IMO is you get the full speed of using the PCIE slot over the on board, you get a mini CPU on the card that handles calculations of the R5 bits, the array isn't bound to the OS which makes it agnostic. Since we're talking spinners in both cases it's not something worthwhile to spend the $ on if you don't need it. The other benefit a card provides is if you need tons of drives then you're limited to the number of drives the card allows. You can also just use an HAB instead w/o the additional HW on the card to transfer the storage to a slot for more bandwidth if you were using SSD's to get beyond the limitations of the board ports.

OS - It doesn't really matter which OS you choose as long as it isn't Windows if you want stability. Now, that said any OS options are going to be Linux based and take some of the nuances out of your hands for a quicker setup / easy maintenance but, it's still good to know what's going on under the hood. Since you have prior Linux experience this shouldn't be a big leap in figuring things out if you have to. The nature of NAS specific OS options is they give you a web GUI to control the array and fancy pictures of the system. Since I don't do much with my storage I forgo the pretty pictures though Webmin provides some simple overview options. It just allows some overview and can run the commands to manage things the CLI does as well. I find the CLI to be easier to just grab the info I'm looking for though over diving into menus / sub menus in the gui since everything is nested.

Basically all of your targets / bullet points are hit. The basics are:
OS
Drives
Network

OS > Samba (makes the FS/drives sharable) > Network
OS > FS for drives / EXT. ZFS, whatever you choose to deal with


There are caveats with each that might appeal or turn you off on them. Seeing TN switch from BSD to DEB though makes me think I could add the dashboard to my Ubuntu core if I wanted to. One of the turn offs with BSD is it's less common and has some quirks compared to DEB based options. There's tons of different underlying OS core options though even for DEB systems there's tons of different "skins" to play with.


The reason 99.999% of NAS devices use Linux is you can run it off a USB key which means the underlying HW doesn't need to be potent like Windows requires. The aim for a NAS is to be a low power enclosure with a NIC to share files across a network. The sacrifices a NAS makes in HW doesn't always translate to the price you pay for cheap HW. When people dip their toe into the NAS world they're main focus is usually on the price of the box itself and then that bites them in the @$$ later when they want it to do more. Then there's the higher end NAS devices that have I3 CPU's in them and cost as much as a prebuilt PC $1000-$1500 and you're confined to whatever number of disk bays for the life of the unit. This is the problem I have with them in general, being locked into a configuration that has zero room for growth over time.

Just keep in mind the more complicated you make things will make it more complicated to recover data later when something fails. If my OS drive died for some reason I can still boot from a USB and run a couple of commands and have my data online in a matter of minutes. Since I backup the OS to the raid I can pop in a USB and copy that over to it and be fully functional in however much time it takes to run the copy to the USB. I could use the cheaper USB drives I have or go a bit higher end with the SD Pro that does ~350MB/s like a SSD or use my enclosures with NVME drives @ 1-3GB/s. Having options is nice when it comes to keeping things working.
 

Shmee

Memory & Storage, Graphics Cards Mod Elite Member
Super Moderator
Sep 13, 2008
7,548
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Just a few corrections to the above post, TrueNAS (what FreeNAS is now) is FreeBSD based, at least the core version is. They generally recommend against a USB flash drive for the boot device, instead use a regular SATA SSD (though nothing fancy or high capacity is needed).

The HP looks pretty old, depending on the CPU and amount of RAM, it might be too old for TrueNAS. Do you know what CPU it has, and how much RAM? What type of RAM? If it is a Core 2 CPU or older, you may want to go with unRAID instead, or something else which is lighter.

As for OS functionality, TrueNAS supports Windows and Apple shares setup with a GUI webmin panel, and you can do a lot with the webmin panel, including manage VMs and I assume adding additonal features, but I am not sure the extent of it. The webmin does include a command line, if you need it.
 

OlyAR15

Senior member
Oct 23, 2014
982
242
116
This is why I went with a Synology NAS. While I enjoy DIY, I just needed network storage to hold all my shared files (mainly movies and TV shows, as well as pics). Didn't want to go through the hassle of scrounging up old equipment, or buying new and dealing with the software.
 

GPag

Member
Mar 14, 2020
31
2
71
Thanks for all the information on building my own NAS. I've decided to buy an off the shelf NAS. Building my own would be fun and cheaper but my DIY time is already over committed to other projects. I just don't have the bandwidth and I didn't come with any extra slots to upgrade.
Started researching and there are many options that will more than meet my purposes. Just have to find the right one.
 

Oyeve

Lifer
Oct 18, 1999
21,940
838
126
I only use syncology. Have at least 6 at work and 2 at home. They work great, especially in my active directory environment. Cost $$$ but well work it. Their notifications and remote access are top notch.
 
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