Some audio chipsets have a test feature and/or in windows audio dialog somewhere to test each channel. If windows "helped" you by finding your driver, and it doesn't have the app to do that, you might gain it by installing the full driver package, or maybe it's there already, hunt for a folder named appropriate to your audio chipset or look on the motherboard manufacturer's site if integrated audio.
Is it analog or digital out of the computer? If analog you can play a continuous tone or just music and measure for roughly 1VAC (lowest single digit applicable range on a multimeter), at both ends of the cable, at the jacks/sockets/etc. You can also follow the analog signal path within the amp it's going to, using same multimeter measurement. If it has high voltage AC internal to the amp (wall powered to an internal PSU instead of a wall wart brick style AC-DC adapter external to the amp), assess your own safety working inside a live amp.
If digital, it's not going to be the cable, either all channels would work or none, unless you have some kind of setup that I can't imagine at the moment.
I might try a different source, get some movie clip that has 5.1 sound or something and play that.