Nothing to learn, Jpow teaches you all in 1 easy point:
1. Stonks only go up
2. See #1
The government and Federal Reserve have been actively involved in manipulating the stock market upwards since 2008. There was an attempt to ween the markets off the government's tit starting in 2015 and going full swing with Jay Powell at the helm of the Fed.
First Janet Yellen signaled the tapering and eventual end of the buying of mortgage and government bonds. Then Jay Powell began a series of several quarter point rate increases. At first the market reacted negatively, it was referred to as "taper tantrums".
After Powell started raising rates, it got to the point we were headed toward normal rate policy ("normalization") and the classic market reaction "good news is bad news" phenomena returned. Fears over the size and scope ABOVE well telegraphed signals of Fed tightening policy caused big market drops when data was better than expected.
All the while, Trump was ramping up a major trade war with China. This, combined with successive rate hikes, caused a rather large market correction nearing 20% in Q3 2018. The Fed, fearing they had gone too far, began to signal a pause in hikes. They also had concerns about decreased trade activety and its effect on the economy and unemployment.
the Fed cut rates rates twice ("insurance rate cuts") and Trump reached a "phase 1 trade deal" with China, and the market surpassed all time highs, lasting through January 2020.