On this forum i wrote a lot about the book :"Blitzed" from Norman Ohler.
This book covers many subjects about pre-nsdap Germany and how it became to be which resulted into the choice for to go to war which resulted into the second world war and the horrific ways the Jewish people were treated.
One of the chapters has a great subject about Alfred Nissle and how he discovered a bacteria strain, he later called and patented as Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 that is a natural enemy of many for the human hostile bacteria like Shigella including the most common of the Salmonella family.
Now, these days. It is known that there are many bacteria that are natural enemies of each other and for many we are a host.
The probiotics that are for sale these days can help a lot and often are natural enemies like for example to Salmonella and more(I will write more about those in a later post).
The spores versions in pill form seem to work best for as far as i know and experienced myself.
This article is a great read and is a testimony that knowledge about how important the microflora of the human gut really is and how it all works together is at least 150 years old.
As time passed, the details where filled in how the bacteria and the immunesystem communicate and regulate through for example interleukin production very near the inner walls of the large intestine (bowel).
Also, remember the possibility of that awful inflammation of the appendix ? The appendix , the storage department for our microflora of the human gut :
Small excerpt from text and one picture :
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In the second half of the 19th century, microbiology parted with botany and quickly established itself as a new independent scientific discipline. Microbiological research in general, and especially research in medical microbiology, saw an enormous boost. The time from about 1861 (Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation of life) till 1917 (d'Hérelle coined the term ‘bacteriophages’ for viruses that infect bacteria) is thus called ‘the first golden age of microbiology’ (Maloy and Schaechter 2006). The scientific upturn of medical microbiology was first of all a ‘golden age’ of bacteriology (Blevinsz and Bronze 2010). During this period, many different bacterial species were identified as etiologic agents of diverse human and animal infectious diseases. The increased significance of microbiology was a result of the ground-breaking discoveries of Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, Albert Neisser, Friedrich Loeffler, Karl Joseph Eberth, David Bruce, Alexandre Yersin, Shibasaburo Kitasato and Paul Ehrlich, to name just a few.
At the same time, other pioneer microbiologists and immunologists, as for instance Theodor Escherich and Elie (Ilja) Metchnikoff, were interested in host–microbiota interactions and their relations to human health and disease (Escherich 1886; Metchnikoff 1907). One of the controversially discussed topics at that time was the question, whether the so-called normal microflora of the human gut or specific intestinal microorganisms might be more beneficial or more harmful to the host. Another unsolved question was, how the coexistence of the bacteria in the gut might be regulated and what kind of bacteria–bacteria interactions and bacteria–host interactions are taking place.
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In bacteriological practical courses, when medical students were encouraged to grow Petri-dish cultures with stool samples, spiked with pure cultures of pathogenic Salmonella strains, Nissle had observed that in most cases the Salmonella colonies clearly grew out of the lawn of the other bacteria. However, in rare cases, the Salmonellae grew poorly or even not at all. Instead, Escherichia coli colonies dominated. This led Nissle to the idea that in such cases the respective stool samples might contain E. coli strains that were able to impede the growth of the added Salmonella strains. Later, Nissle could show in laboratory experiments that in fact certain isolates of E. coli from the intestinal microbiota of healthy humans were able to inhibit the growth of co-cultured Salmonella strains and other coliform enteropathogens (Nissle 1916). For this special bacterial feature, Nissle coined the term ‘antagonistic activity’.
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The Escherichia coli strain nissle 1917 (EcN) strain was isolated by Alfred Nissle in 1917 during the First World War from the faeces of a German soldier. This soldier was a corporal of the armed forces, being at that time in a field hospital near Freiburg, who had joined the military campaign on the Balkans before. Deployed in the region of Dobrudja for some time, which was then heavily contaminated by Shigella, this soldier, in contrast to his comrades, did not develop diarrhoea or any other intestinal disease (Nissle 1925). Nissle suspected this soldier to carry an antagonistically strong E. coli strain in his gut that might have protected him from catching diarrhoea. As suspected, Nissle could isolate from a stool sample of this soldier an E. coli strain that in laboratory tests showed strong antagonistic activity against different pathogenic enterobacteria (Nissle 1925).
Image courtesy of Oxford academic, please visit the site :
"
This book covers many subjects about pre-nsdap Germany and how it became to be which resulted into the choice for to go to war which resulted into the second world war and the horrific ways the Jewish people were treated.
One of the chapters has a great subject about Alfred Nissle and how he discovered a bacteria strain, he later called and patented as Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 that is a natural enemy of many for the human hostile bacteria like Shigella including the most common of the Salmonella family.
Now, these days. It is known that there are many bacteria that are natural enemies of each other and for many we are a host.
The probiotics that are for sale these days can help a lot and often are natural enemies like for example to Salmonella and more(I will write more about those in a later post).
The spores versions in pill form seem to work best for as far as i know and experienced myself.
This article is a great read and is a testimony that knowledge about how important the microflora of the human gut really is and how it all works together is at least 150 years old.
As time passed, the details where filled in how the bacteria and the immunesystem communicate and regulate through for example interleukin production very near the inner walls of the large intestine (bowel).
Also, remember the possibility of that awful inflammation of the appendix ? The appendix , the storage department for our microflora of the human gut :
Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917—from bench to bedside and back: history of a special Escherichia coli strain with probiotic properties
Detection and investigation on bacterial interference (antagonism) in the gut is closely connected to the history of the probiotic Escherichia coli strain
academic.oup.com
"
In the second half of the 19th century, microbiology parted with botany and quickly established itself as a new independent scientific discipline. Microbiological research in general, and especially research in medical microbiology, saw an enormous boost. The time from about 1861 (Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation of life) till 1917 (d'Hérelle coined the term ‘bacteriophages’ for viruses that infect bacteria) is thus called ‘the first golden age of microbiology’ (Maloy and Schaechter 2006). The scientific upturn of medical microbiology was first of all a ‘golden age’ of bacteriology (Blevinsz and Bronze 2010). During this period, many different bacterial species were identified as etiologic agents of diverse human and animal infectious diseases. The increased significance of microbiology was a result of the ground-breaking discoveries of Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Joseph Lister, Albert Neisser, Friedrich Loeffler, Karl Joseph Eberth, David Bruce, Alexandre Yersin, Shibasaburo Kitasato and Paul Ehrlich, to name just a few.
At the same time, other pioneer microbiologists and immunologists, as for instance Theodor Escherich and Elie (Ilja) Metchnikoff, were interested in host–microbiota interactions and their relations to human health and disease (Escherich 1886; Metchnikoff 1907). One of the controversially discussed topics at that time was the question, whether the so-called normal microflora of the human gut or specific intestinal microorganisms might be more beneficial or more harmful to the host. Another unsolved question was, how the coexistence of the bacteria in the gut might be regulated and what kind of bacteria–bacteria interactions and bacteria–host interactions are taking place.
"
and
"
In bacteriological practical courses, when medical students were encouraged to grow Petri-dish cultures with stool samples, spiked with pure cultures of pathogenic Salmonella strains, Nissle had observed that in most cases the Salmonella colonies clearly grew out of the lawn of the other bacteria. However, in rare cases, the Salmonellae grew poorly or even not at all. Instead, Escherichia coli colonies dominated. This led Nissle to the idea that in such cases the respective stool samples might contain E. coli strains that were able to impede the growth of the added Salmonella strains. Later, Nissle could show in laboratory experiments that in fact certain isolates of E. coli from the intestinal microbiota of healthy humans were able to inhibit the growth of co-cultured Salmonella strains and other coliform enteropathogens (Nissle 1916). For this special bacterial feature, Nissle coined the term ‘antagonistic activity’.
"
and
"
The Escherichia coli strain nissle 1917 (EcN) strain was isolated by Alfred Nissle in 1917 during the First World War from the faeces of a German soldier. This soldier was a corporal of the armed forces, being at that time in a field hospital near Freiburg, who had joined the military campaign on the Balkans before. Deployed in the region of Dobrudja for some time, which was then heavily contaminated by Shigella, this soldier, in contrast to his comrades, did not develop diarrhoea or any other intestinal disease (Nissle 1925). Nissle suspected this soldier to carry an antagonistically strong E. coli strain in his gut that might have protected him from catching diarrhoea. As suspected, Nissle could isolate from a stool sample of this soldier an E. coli strain that in laboratory tests showed strong antagonistic activity against different pathogenic enterobacteria (Nissle 1925).
Image courtesy of Oxford academic, please visit the site :
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