Originally posted by: oreagan
What? A firm can never control prices because it's a mutual thing? Are you kidding? A firm can't control the equilibrium price, but I absolutely guarantee you that if I start a t-shirt company right now I decide exactly what price I want to charge. Whether someone chooses to buy it or not is up to him, but if I'm only only provider of this t-shirt then it's a question of buy it or do without.
In the case of railroads, I would be the only supplier of something that allows a farmer to make his living and feed his family. He's perfectly free to not buy my product, but If he doesn't pay whatever the heck I want to ship his corn away, it rots in a barn and his farm gets foreclosed by the bank. Sure, I lose his money, but now the next 10 farmers down the line know I mean business and they'll pay the much higher price.
Rothbard talks about this. Sellers may charge whatever price they wish, but since no seller can force someone to buy their product at a particular price, they have no control over the equilibirum price. The fact that only a single firm produces a particular product does not automatically constitute monopoly. On the contrary, this simply means that a single firm has the means to charge the lowest prices. If this particular firm tried to "control prices," and decided to jack up its prices, a competitor would inevitably rise up and steal its market share. This is of course assuming that there are no government enforced entry barriers in the market. If you study monopolies from the Austrian perspective you will see time and time again that the true concept of monopoly is that of political monopoly. This is to say that the only time monopoly can be achieved is through government force. Of course, businessmen are not exactly "defenders of freedom," they all want the government to step in and keep out their competitors, and some have successfully been able to get the government to do this for them. Therefore, the best way to end monopolies is to get the government out of the way, period.
In your scenario with the railroads and the farmers, assuming that there were no entry barriers in the railroad market a competitor would quickly start building railroads and undercut this "monopolistic firm." Furthermore, as Rothbard points out, EVERY firm tries to charge the highest price for its goods and services, railroads would be no different. The railroad firm would not charge the "equilibrium price" one day, and then decide to get greedy and start charging a "monopoly price" another day, it would charge the true equilibrium price for its goods and services from the get go. Once again, the railroad firm would not be able to charge whatever it wanted to, because if it could do that then it would charge an infinite sum. This is obviously absurd, because no farmer would be able to afford this, and the railroad industry would not have any business.
Dissipate's crazy author:
There is no direct
control over price because price is a mutual phenomenon. On
the other hand, each person has absolute control over his own
action and therefore over the price which he will attempt to
charge for any particular good. Any man can set any price that
he wants for any quantity of a good that he sells; the question is
whether he can find any buyers at that price.
No one is questioning the farmer's
right to sell his good at whatever price he wants, but in order for him to do that, he's going to have to get his goods to a market. The moment his corn is grown it isn't going to magically transport to wherever someone wants to buy it. There is cost involved in transportation. He could buy a huge wagon train or start his own railroad firm, but those cost enormous capital and if he had that then he wouldn't need to work all year on a farm anyway.
Costs are a part of every business and cannot be regulated away or reduced by "trust busting." As I said before, these farmers would not have to start their own railroad firm in the face of this "monopoly." There would be entrepreneurs out there building other railroads to compete, IF the current railroad firms were not selling their service at the lowest possible price.
Also, another point where that article is ridiculous: If the farmer DOES get his product to market completely free of charge and information is also free and universal, he COULD charge whatever he wants for it. If the going price for corn is $3 per bushel, he could charge $4. Good luck finding a buyer; he sells 300 bushels on a world market of billions. He could charge $2 and sell every bit of corn instantly, but why would he do that when he can get $3? We're discussing (or at least I'm trying to discuss) reality.
I'm talking about reality also, Man, Economy & State is an economic treatise based on real economics. Rothbard talks about this in this excerpt. Any firm can try to charge any price that it wants to, but prices in free markets are always set by supply & demand. If you would like to challenge this concept, I recommend you start up a firm and try setting an arbitrary price. If you could get away with selling your product at an arbitrary price then you would quickly become a trillionaire. This is every businessman's dream, but of course in reality this is impossible.
As for you tirade against universities, I attend a top university (a state university even) and even in Econ 101 and 102 we were taught both Keynesian and Classical economics, both being correct in some cases and incorrect in others (using history and fact as a guide). We also touched on other theories, including neo-Keynesian, neo-Classical, and more minor schools. There are as many Classical as there are Keynsian economists in the department as a whole, with a dash of others thrown in as well.
Keynesian and classical economics are both wrong. They fail on the philosophical front. Philosophers have explored the question of what is knowledge? What can we say for certain about the world? A school of thought emerged among some philosophers that said that in order to know about the world one must go out into it and see how it really is. This school of thought rejected knowledge a priori, that is knowledge that is simply deduced using logic or a set of axioms. This is known as positivism. Positivism is a flawed philosophy, and it should never be used to study economics. Professor of philosophy, Hans-Herman Hoppe critiques positivism in this lecture here.