Usually oems can set power parameters so I don't see why they are overheating. Seems to be more chassis and firmware design issue. Also don't other socs throttle?
It may be down to OS and firmware design, but these days power management has been moving more and more into dedicated microcontrollers and even custom logic fast control loops.
Apparently Qualcomm's power management just sucks. It lets the device run too hard for too long until it gets too hot and then goes into a panic mode running everything at much reduced speeds in order to lower temperature at all costs. Other chips throttle too but the real question is how bad the throttling speed is when compared to a speed it could have maintained indefinitely.
And the OEMs were put in a situation where they were forced to throw in simplistic limits to prevent it from throttling. They didn't have time (or possibly ability) to put in improved power management.
But I doubt Qualcomm's power management suddenly became worse than it used to be, more like they took on too much of an increase in peak power consumption in their CPU and especially GPU and weren't properly prepared for it.
Also doesn't mean that the perf/W of their part was itself competitive even with hypothetical excellent power management, especially when compared to Samsung 14nm SoCs. It's possible that the physical layout of their Cortex-A57 for TSMC 20nm is sub-par compared to Exynos 7420's. It looks like Qualcomm decided to move to this CPU on short notice and against their original plans meaning they needed a stopgap solution and wouldn't have had a lot of time to work on it. Given the paucity of other 20nm TSMC SoCs using ARM CPUs Qualcomm could have been on their own for a top notch implementation (nVidia released one too but they say outright that they did the legwork on physical optimization)