A basic radio is pretty simple circuitry. To transmit, you need an oscillator that runs at a reasonably high frequency to keep antennas short. Amplify and modulate the RF so it changes amplitude based on a microphone input. Connect to a tuned (rc, parallel) circuit (resonates at your oscillator frequency) connected to an antenna of ½ wavelength.
To receive, duplicate antenna and tuned circuit, demodulate (diode detector), amplify to drive speaker.
There is no frequency regulation so make your tuned circuits very broadband (low Q) and the receiver will have to be tuned as the frequency drifts around. Adding crystals will help to stabilize oscillator.
I?m not a radio buff, but I would bet there are single component (chips) that do all the work for transmitting and receiving. You?d only have to add a crystal and antenna.
I don?t know if Ham radio forums exist. If they do, that?s where I?d go.