The disintegration, or parcelling of the polity of
Kievan Rus' in the 11th century resulted in considerable population shifts and a political, social, and economic regrouping. The resultant effect of these forces coalescing was the marked emergence of new peoples.
[29] While these processes began long before the fall of Kiev, its fall expedited these gradual developments into a significant linguistic and ethnic differentiation among the
Rus' people into
Ukrainians,
Belarusians, and
Russians.
[29][30] All of this was emphasized by the subsequent polities these groups migrated into: southwestern and western Rus', where the
Ruthenian and later Ukrainian and Belarusian identities developed, was subject to
Lithuanian and later
Polish influence;
[25] whereas the (Great) Russian ethnic identity that developed in the
Muscovite northeast and the
Novgorodian north remained distant, was defined by a more primitive style of life in a wilderness shared by
Finnic-speaking tribes,
[nb 1] and ultimately isolated from its Ruthene relatives.
[29] 'The two states (
Galicia-Volhynia and
Vladimir-Suzdal) differed in their relationship with other powers, entered into alliances with different partners, belonged to different civilizational and commercial communities, and were in more intimate contact with their neighbouring states and societies than with each other.'
[33]
Muscovite princes considered themselves to be rightful heirs of the "Kievan inheritance," and associated their survival with fulfilling the historical destiny of reunifying the lands of Rus'.
[34] This ideology was ostensibly seen in their given titles (grand princes and tsars) which defined themselves as rulers of "all Rus'."
[25] In 1328
Ivan I of Moscow persuaded
Theognost, the Metropolitanate of Kiev, to settle in Moscow; from which point forward the title changed to "of Kiev and [all Rus']" a title which was retained until the mid-fifteenth century.
[35] Later, in 1341
Simeon of Moscow was appointed Grand Prince "of all Russia" by the Khan of the
Mongol Golden Horde.
[35] Ivan III, grand prince of Moscow, considered himself heir to all former Kievan lands and in 1493 he assumed the title of
gosudar, or "Sovereign of All Russia."
[36] This trend continued to evolve and by mid 17th century transformed into "Tsar of All Great, Little, and White Rus," and with
Peter I's creation of a
Russian Empire, "Little Russian" came be a
demonym for all inhabitants of Ukraine under imperial rule.
[25]
While the political reintegration of the Rus' can be seen in the politics of Russia's tsardom, the
Kievan Synopsis, written in the 16th century by the
Prussian-born archimandrite of the
Kiev Caves monastery Innocent Gizel, contains description of the ancient unity between the "Russian peoples". This is seen[
by whom?] as the earliest historical record of a common Rus' ethnic identity.
[37][
source needs translation] Meanwhile, in the late 16th century, use of the word 'Ukraine' was used extensively to describe Poland's "borderland" region, local Ruthenian (Rus') inhabitants adopted the identity of
Ukrainian to "distinguish their nationality from the Polish"
[4]