I think you're being a bit too generous in ascribing some noble motive to Schumer's comments. If anything, he was being rather cynical, saying that the ACA was a poor political investment for the Dems because there were only a few million voters who recognize substantial benefit from it. He's suggesting Dems should have put on a bigger show for the working class instead, since that's a much bigger pool of voters. Until Schumer actually starts submitting such worker-friendly bills, however, it is only a show.
That said, I think this whole notion that it's worker legislation vs. ACA is a false dichotomy. Congress has enough cycles to do both, and they did both. They did too little on both fronts, but it's not due to a lack of focus. It's because they didn't want to do more, or at the very least, couldn't get the votes to do more.
Re. workers and jobs specifically, I see no evidence the Democrats as a party really want to do much more than they already have. We may see a national minimum wage increase and a few small changes, but I don't expect the Dems to do anything really substantial to return America's middle class to its glory days. The Dems are largely pursuing the same few deep-pocketed interests as the Republicans, and those interests don't want increased labor costs. That would hurt profits. So the Dems will tinker around the edges for show, but they're not going to push for truly high impact changes that will curtail off-shoring, increase domestic wages, or force those deep pockets to share their windfall of the last few decades.