Oo thats a tough question and I'll answer first by saying it may be personal preference on your part. If you start with VB you will find that in only a couple of days you're starting to make things that actually do stuff, whereas with a more difficult language this takes longer...
On the other hand if C++ or Java really is your ultimate goal you may find that after going really far with VB you find these to be particularly challenging. Essentially C++, for example, ultimately is more powerful than VB, but because of that is more difficult to learn - and development time is much much longer as well. Want to make something quick and easy use VB no doubt, want an extremely powerful program you may want to more strongly consider C++ (I am not saying VB isn't a serious language though).
I think I would honestly say that if your final goal really is C++ just start with it. Javascript/perl aren't what you want because these (at least javascript anyway, I know little baout perl) are scripting languages. Javascript isn't compiled and you really can't make a powerful application with it, its used to benefit web applications only.
C++ is a bit slower and harder to learn than Java, but certainly has its benefits. If you were to start with, say, Java I don't think you'd find the move to C++ nearly as hard as going from VB to C++.
I've used all three languages and although I love what Java can do the quickness and simplicity of VB is attractive as well.
I'm starting to ramble so I'll cut this off right now
If you're looking at these for employment in the semi-near future Java pretty well seems like a no-miss choice - not that you'll be hurting for money if you master any area like this but I'm seeing an awful lot of Java jobs around.