Maybe. I don't subscribe to the religious guesswork newsletter, so let's take a scientific approach to defining a soul.
While you're alive you have consciousness, which I personally define as the emergent property of the collective interactions between billions of neurons working together.
To aid your understanding: Let's take the example of a switch. It turns a light on or off. Pretty basic and boring. It doesn't do much on it's own. Similarly a transistor in a circuit can be made to act as a switch with the same boring functionality. It merely turns something on or off, and nothing else. Doesn't do much on it's own.
Now look at what happens when you have billions of them working together collectively. Suddenly an emergent property that wasn't obvious before emerges. It can do calculations, with the right software even make decisions. Even beat a Jeopardy champion. And more.
A single transistor not only couldn't do that but there was no indication it ever could. In fact billions of transistors working as switches independently can't either. Only when working together does a property emerge that wasn't there before.
Another way to describe this is that the sum is greater than it's parts.
Like transistors working together having emergent properties, neurons working together have the emergent property of consciousness. This is actually more well understood by neuroscientists than most lay people realize.
So I'd define a soul as consciousness. But that's just another label. If I've learned anything from Richard Feynman it's this: Knowing the label is not equivalent to knowing anything about it. Those aren't his exact words, I'm paraphrasing, but the meaning is the same as what he said.
Back to the consciousness topic, I'd say when you die this interaction stops. So what makes up the interaction?
Well the interaction of transistors occurs through the flow of currents.
The interaction of neurons occurs through the flow of currents and chemicals as well.
These energies in the form of flowing currents and flowing chemicals and the structure of neurons as well as the structure of the software stored among them is how I would define consciousness, which is the essence of who you are as a person, which can be labeled as a soul. It's there when you're alive and gone when you die. It is the difference between a live mind and a dead one. In death the matter is there but the information, information processing ability is gone.
We have no technology that I know of to make an exact duplicate of the intricate nature of the matter of the body of a person let alone the consciousness of that person.
Theoretically, if the duplicate were identical in every way, both known and unknown (remember there is a lot unknown to us at this stage), then yes it would be you. But when we say
"you" what do we mean? Who or what is
you exactly? We have to define that as well.
Keep in mind that you are not the same person you were just a few seconds ago. You are constantly changing. In some ways you are the same, in some ways you are not as you have learned new things, changed thoughts, grew new pathways, severed some pathways. You may not realize how different you are because the changes are gradual and you think of yourself as you, as the same person you have always been even though you might think quite differently about things than you did years ago or even seconds ago.