Racial resentment is probably the best predictor of party affiliation these days, far better than age, sex, or pretty much anything other than race itself. Meaning if someone harbors that animosity or not, they're slotting into one party or the other.Yes, racial resentment may have been a common factor among the Trump base support. I just think those supporters are strongly conservative and would have voted for any other republican and certainly not for Clinton. But they were not sufficient to deliver the election to Trump. Some independents and democrats were needed. At least some non-racists were needed. This election turned on a dime. Clinton may have actually won the popular vote by as much as 2 points as it turns out. The sliming of Clinton was enough, way more than enough, to deliver this election to Trump.
Another factor which flipped the election was Trump's wise decision to push an anti free trade agenda as a way to woo rust belt voters. Trump won Michigan, Wisconsin and Penn by very small margins. That single message alone was also enough to deliver him the election. Yet it has nothing to do with race.
As Nate Silver just pointed out in his blog, if 1 in 100 people had flipped back from Trump to Clinton, it would have given her 2 more points and won her the election. In that case, everyone's analysis would be different. We wouldn't be talking about how "racial resentment" won an election. We'd be talking about how it was discredited as an electoral strategy and this is the year of the woman. We would have been wrong. Broad, sweeping conclusions are not warranted in either scenario, because the demographic implications would be nearly identical in either a Trump win or a Clinton win, unless either had won by a landslide. Tiny, narrow shifts one way or another can switch an outcome, but they don't really point to a different analysis of the electorate. In such a close election, any of a number of things which are unique and particular to the candidates could sway the outcome. Like a single October surprise.
That's Trump's campaign centerpiece, what won him the primaries and then all the way to the white house. His supporters loved that he defied the media expectation for him to stop being so casually racist, he wasn't "politically correct" just like them. Electoral politics is about identity, and just as they can identify with Bush, now they do with Trump.
I recall after Obama won in 2008 all the liberal commentators triumphantly declaring that the GOP had gone into the "political wilderness" and how they couldn't win presidential elections any more because of shifting demographics. Then they got closer in 2012, and won in 2016. Because the truth was that Obama won in 2008 because of a collapsed economy and because he was a more savvy campaigner than McCain. It wasn't really a tectonic shift then, and it isn't really a tectonic shift now. It had to do with 2 specific candidates and the circumstances/backdrop within the narrow time frame of the election. But think about this: how could Obama have won twice, then Trump wins simply because of high racial resentment among white voters?
Trump's racial messaging may have fired up turnout among his base, or perhaps not. If you listened to Trump supporters, they talked more about despising Clinton than about any of Trump's messaging. Hatred of Clinton could also have increased their turnout. I support this theory because if racial resentment was what pivoted this by firing up the turnout on the right, you'd think a black man running would have done the same, but this turnout among rural whites was lower when Obama ran. Why were the bigots fired up enough to defeat Clinton in 2016 but not enough to defeat an actual black candidate in 2008 or 2012?
Simple, traditional politician have some sense of self-respect/dignity. Hell, the republican establishment was even trying to court hispanics, and rubio supporters show very low resentment. Had the republicans ran him they most certainly would have lost. Ponder that for while. McCain nor Romney were going to hammer on kenyan muslim urban "you know what I'm talking about". Guess who did at the time and launched himself into the national limelight?
The approval ratings of our current, black president were high during this election cycle. But Clinton's approvals were not. This is not explainable by racial resentment. Racial resentment doesn't make a white democrat fare poorly, and a black democrat fare well. It doesn't explain why the black democrat did better with white voters than the white democrat. The simple truth is, Obama would easily have beaten Trump had he been allowed to run for a third term. But not Clinton.
And, if my prediction is correct that Trump will be a horrible president with mid 30's approval, and will lose by a wide margin 2020, then liberals will come out again and say his racial resentment is now discredited and the demographics have permanently shifted against the GOP, but the real reason will simply be that Trump just sucked as a president. Whatever the election result, too many people want to play amateur socialist and ignore the particulars of the candidates and specific circumstances of the election. Broader conclusions make more sense when one candidate wins by a wide margin, although it should be noted Obama won by a very wide margin in '08, yet the dems sociological analysis of that victory was wrong. Even there, it was more about the particulars.
I've noted elsewhere the particular weaknesses of clinton as a candidate. The fact remains Trump was able to shockingly turn those firewall states red. States with not surprisingly very white populations and often rather segregated communities if you ever bother to visit.