Primarily, the reason AMD uses the phase change material is 1) It's easy to appply in an automated process, and 2) The material acts as a little protective cushion when you install it the first time...
With that exposed and very brittle core, you can crack a corner/edge off in a heartbeat, if you are not careful...
Once the phased change material gets to its melt temp (which it will the first time you fire it up since it's so thick between the core and sink), he sink settles down to the core...
Then the sink cools the proc down below (theoretically) the phase change temp, and the stuff solidifies again forming an "acceptable" thermal interface with the core, and as a side benefit... it kinda forms a little pocket around the die slightly increasing stability...
IF you are careful, you can get MUCH lower total thermal resistance using a premium thermal interface compound.