The longest range SAM I could find that Turkey has is the Hawk, which has its origins in the 1960s. Its range is only 45-50km, and it's very slow (Mach 2.5). Entirely possible an SU-30 could outrun / outrange it. The missiles in the S-400 move at Mach 14 (11,000 MPH or just over 3 miles / second) and have a range over 250km.
The only other SAMs they have are Stingers and Rapiers (Rapier is short range ~1.5 mile, introduced in 1971). Which explains why they shot the Su-24 down by an F-16 and not a SAM.
They do have the AMRAAM, but their best is the 120C variant with a range of 105km / 57 mi. The D variant (which they don't have) is the 97mi range one.
The Russian R-77-1 and K-77 outrange all but the 120C.
Basically what Russia can and has fielded outclasses what Turkey has. Unless someone drops some 3rd gen Patriots and 120D AMRAAMs on Turkey, which given how reckless Erdogan has proven himself to be is quite unlikely, Russia owns the skies in that area.
Source