Operation Cyclone was the code name for the
United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) program to arm and finance the Afghan
mujahideen prior to and during the
Soviet war in Afghanistan, from 1979 to 1989. The program leaned heavily towards supporting militant Islamic groups that were favoured by the regime of
Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq in neighbouring
Pakistan, rather than other, less ideological Afghan resistance groups that had also been fighting the Marxist-oriented
Democratic Republic of Afghanistan regime since before the Soviet intervention.
[1] Operation Cyclone was one of the longest and most expensive covert CIA operations ever undertaken;
[2] funding began with $20–$30 million per year in 1980 and rose to $630 million per year in 1987.
[1] Funding continued after 1989 as the mujahideen battled the forces of
Mohammad Najibullah's PDPA during the civil war in Afghanistan (1989–1992).
[3]