People defended slavery by comparing the benefits to leaving the slaves in Africa.
There are benefits to exploitation - and prices, including freedom.
In a perfect world, the end of colonization would include 'real independance' for nations to develop.
But in the real word, it usually doesn't.
The primary goal of colonization was the exploitation of a nation's resources cheaply. On the other hand, the primary goal of post-colonial poicy is the exploitation of a nation's resources cheaply.
The methods change.The tradeoffs change. The costs to the dominant nations - colonial forces, rebellious wars - change.
Not many have much of a clue about the policies. The CIA isn't acting to ensure malleable corporate-serving governments around the world, it's collecting data for its factbook.
Some of the drive for colonialism was actually a misplaced progressive ideal. A belief that it was the duty of the "white man" to help his less fortunate man to learn the benefits of the white man's farming techniques and industrialization. The white man did intend to make money off of this effort, but that is no more exploitation than giving a homeless man a job he is good at is exploitation. Some countries were all about exploitation, but not all of them. Such as John Stuart Mill's view of the British Empire: "a better government: more complete security of property, moderate taxes, a more permanent ... tenure of land ... the introduction of foreign arts ... and the introduction of foreign capital, which renders the increase of production no longer exclusively dependant on the thrift or providence of the inhabitants themselves."
Not only that, but in some places it was helpful. The American Empire in the Philippines nearly wiped out cholera, greatly reduced malaria, and almost wiped out smallpox.
The problem is that some helped, some hurt. Some were honestly attempts at helping, some were merely attempts at getting money out of the locals. The results are not well correlated.
Any country that had it's people "exploited" through investing in their productivity probably did well for both parties. In other words the rich made money by making the poor richer. Exploiting a country by digging stuff out of its ground is almost always a recipe for disaster, the people's interests and the rich's interests are almost totally opposite of one another, except perhaps in the area of the natives health. On the other hand, the beneficient rulers who wanted to honestly help, success is dependant on their competence. That would probably be random, although I doubt it is a common trait for someone to be competent at improving a society.
As an interesting note, foreign aid is a lot like colonial control in many ways. We tie so many strings to the aid that we are almost in control of the countries. Unfortunately, here it appears that good intentions seem to be more important than actual results. There are several studies done on how beneficial aid is, some find it harmful, others find it beneficial, yet others find it does squat. I think the view that I find the most convincing is that it is good up to a point. Michael Clemens, Steven Radelet, Rikhil Bhavnani from the Center for Global Development found that when aid is over 8% of a countries total GDP it is
harmful to that countries economic growth. However, the Millenium Project, the UN, and the World Bank all advocate pushing the amount of aid well over that mark. They also found no support that aid is helpful in the long term for a country, but they did find that it is very helpful in the short term.
It's always an interesting tossup of pros and cons. Probably more cons in the end but I'm sure it's case-by-case. Good discussion.
It is always very interesting, but it is so hard to determine what is a cause, and what is not. So few control groups, so much variety, and so little information that in the end a lot of conclusions are biased from the viewers point of view going in. I know that my view is probably more biased than it should be.