The ordinary individual investor isn't being affected by HFT. We don't buy enough shares to make it worthwile for the HFT to profit from the resale of the securities. Even in the hypothetical chance that a HFT trader wants to get the jump on me, I won't lose much. If I buy 500 shares of a stock and I am forced to pay one penny more per share thanks to HFT, then its $5.00 I was robbed of. However because of HFT, my trading costs have been shrinking in the last few years down to $7.00 bucks per trade. I saved about $5.00 in trading fees so the two balance out and I lose nothing.
HFT skims off of big investors like mutual funds. Yes I do have a 401K so they are skimming from my future retirement; however I am invested in index funds which don't actively trade. This means they aren't skimming much if any. Second when the fund manager makes trades on behalf of the fund, he/she can set a limit order, an amount they are willing to pay for a security. If their limit order is not filled because a HFT trader has increased the price of the stock they want, all they have to do is wait until the price comes down or find another security to buy. The HFT isn't able to force someone to buy the security at the higher price.