some networks can track MAC addresses too I believe. Correct me if i'm wrong.
Mac only works between networks, so they'd only get the MAC of the router it's connected to.
Cookies can somewhat be used, then there is "super cookies" those are kinda scary, as they are not that obvious to clear. Basically uses Flash and stuff. I think if you have Flash disabled by default you're safe from those.
Then there's browser user agent, with all the variations of OSes, browsers, versions, etc that finger print ends up being quite unique. I really think the browser makers need to get together and come up with a standard so that less info is shown. They would have to all collectively do it, if one person does it, then they just made an even more unique finger print for themselves. IP address range can also be used in combination with other info.
If you see an entry from same IP range and same browser user agent, chances are half decent it's the same person.
Then there's all the stuff Facebook and Google do, I won't pretend to understand it but they are pretty good at being able to ID individuals quite accurately even between different computers. I've search for stuff at home, and get to work and see ads on Facebook for what I searched for at home. I think they use non human audible audio to communicate with your phone, so if your phone is near your computer it basically tracks what you do online too. Just a guess.