Cheap, golf, Phoenix, and peak season are 4 phrases that do not add up.
I've played quite a bit over at Long Bow in Mesa. It's a quick 10 minute drive from Scottsdale down the 202 on the north side of Mesa. It's about the cheapest you will find that isn't a total dump.
http://www.longbowgolf.com/
Twilight rates are around $65, which is good for the area.
Cool thing is that it's right across from the home of the Apache helicopter and you see them every now and then