No, there is nothing of the sort. No college, no PHD professor, no university, no neuroscientist, I mean no one has the answer to the question, "how does matter become aware". Everyone is completely clueless and they are all guessing at it right now. Granted they have a much better shot at figuring it out than I ever will, but they are just as clueless as I am right now regarding that one question. That one question is all I am interested in.
I didn't read the whole discussion, so I don't know the context for this, question, but maybe I could give you a few ideas.
First, you have single-celled organisms, the most basic form of life. Those eventually evolved into animals and humans by means of natural selection. So what are animals/species? It are self-sustaining chemical reactions. To sustain the reaction, it turned out it was possible/an advantage that those could be mobile, instead of just growing out of the ground. But if you can move, you must be well adapted for that so you won't get injured or die. You must be able to detect air waves (aka sound), detect things that touch your skin, detect temperature, etc. But most importantly, you must be able to see your environment, because that's the most important sense (for most animals). There are a lot of things necessary to be able to survive good as a mobile organism, but if nature has time it can apparently do that.
Anyway, it's nice if an animal has a eyes, ears, a nose, etc., but the animal most determine what it has to do, where it needs to go. It needs a processor. The brain.
The human brain doesn't have power hungry, very accurate transistors, but neurons, and if you have enough of those, the animal will have a consciousness. The brain will be able to process the input from its senses quite good, and it will be able to store information, aka memories. I think memories are actually very important. For example, I suspect that I'm aware in every dream, but I simply forget most and they get lost.
Intelligence probably plays also decent role in it. It you have language, are able to communicate and acquire knowledge, this may help to become more self-aware.
TL;DR: The way I see it, it that the brain is some sort of SoC, or a LoC: life on a chip. By means of natural selection, mobile animals evolved and humans gained enough neurons that we're more intelligent. We are much better at processing and storing information. So I think consciousness is simply mandatory. The most interesting question to me is how such a self-sustaining chemical reaction could start the resulted in all life you see.
Edit: This is just how I view it. I don't know if this is truly correct or too simplified, I could be wrong.