The word of the constitution is pretty clear as you say.
The problem is that the Patriot Act allowed exceptions to the law. In legal parlance, this is known as a 'precedent'.
The root of all of this, in my view, is the idea of 'relativism'. Before I tick some left or right wingers off, let me say I used to consider myself a conservative republican. However, neither Republicans nor Democrats reflect anything I believe now.
Relativism is basicaly how people look at a low that is very clear in what it says, then re-interpret it to mean something other than what it actually says.
Once people started doing this, it was only a matter of time before laws were re-interpreted to restrict our freedoms.
Looking at the constitution, there are paralells with this re-interpretation :
Amendment I
Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
First of all, I'd point out that this amendment specifically mentions congress. It does not mention state governments. That is not an oversight, and assuming it was would be one step down the relativism road. That step was taken a long long time ago.
Amendment II
A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed.
This is now being interpreted by many as meaning that the military, ie US army and/or national guard, has the right to bear arms. People who take that viewpoint believe that this does not protect individuals rights to bear arms. I view that as ludicrous, to say that the military can arm itself. Again, more re-interpretation, since this clearly states "the right of the people to keep and bear arms". As well, any historical review will show that the founding fathers viewed the people's ability to keep arms as a major way to *stay free*. The militia in particular, typically used personally owned firearms. A large armed population deters government from running amok. When you see this one go, you will know you are a slave and no longer free.
Amendment IV
The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
This is the one you are referring to. It is being whittled away just as the others have been. One key thing here is '...secure in...papers'. Clearly, it meant that the government could not search your personal writings or correspondence without a warrant, and without probable cause and a description of what / when etc. With email and the internet, the government has a way around this - they have been 'fishing' the internet for years. Now, the government can search your home, business, car, even wiretap you without a warrant.
Amendment VI
In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the state and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defense.
Thi one gets broken all the time. How many times have you seen someone moved to a different district or state for trial?
Amendment X
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people.
This one has been completely blown apart for nearly a century now. One good example is income tax. No where in the constitution does it give the *Federal Government* the right to tax your income - only to tax *interstate and international trade*. Based on this amendment, the states should be the only ones with the power to tax your income or other goods. Obviously, we all pay income tax.
A last point. I don't think many americans have a decent concept of 'freedom'. Consider, would you have considered a German in the 1930s to be 'free'? For the most part they could travel to other countries, they could invest in whatever corporations or commodities they wished, they could choose their own career and they could choose their place of employment. Like us, they had rights that were normally protected under German law - however the central government could of course 'override' those rights at any time. Sound familiar? It should.