I can't speak to those precise tires. However, where studs will be useful is on ice. Glare ice, black ice, etc. If you don't encounter ice on a regular basis or can stay home when the roads are heavily iced you don't need studs. I've personally never felt the need for them.
[1] A narrower winter tire will generally give you better deep snow traction. See:
http://www.tirerack.com/winter/tech/techpage.jsp?techid=126& I REALLY like the General Altimax, you would not be disappointed in it as a winter tire I bet.
[2] See this:
http://forums.anandtech.com/showpost.php?p=36899320&postcount=62
If by "hardly any difference" he means "serious detriments to braking, turning, and accelerating" then, sure, there's hardly any difference. :awe: Definitely skip mechanic's advice on rubber unless they have some other credential to suggest they know what they're talking about. I know a mechanic with a ~400whp car that puts stock-width all-seasons on it to go hill-climb racing...
[3] Again, see above TR article. A minus-sized wheel will be cheaper to buy, cheaper to put tires on, and will be more forgiving in the winter. I drop from 225/45-18 summers to 215/55-16 winters. The lack of swapping tires around will pay for the wheels in a year or two, and it will be easier and faster to change each season. Get an extra set of wheels.
[4] Adding 2cm of sidewall without getting a smaller wheel (oversizing your tire) is a bad plan. Speedo will be off, brakes will be less effective on dry pavement, you're adding unsprung mass, etc. Avoid it.
I doubt you'd ever see a noticable difference with a 1.25mm sidewall change. Again, getting a minus-sized wheel is great. On your car a 16 would fit nicely I bet.
A larger contact patch will help traction on dry pavement, but will hurt snow traction (generally speaking). If you can spin your tires on dry pavement in anything but 1st gear I would be stunned, even with narrower winter tires. I have a modified MS3 and my winters can usually hold most of 3rd gear on dry pavement, which is plenty.
TL;DR - Get slightly-narrower-than-stock Altimax tires on 16in aluminum wheels from TR, with the TPMS, and go to town. You'll save money in the long-term, protect your summer wheels, and get great snow performance.