Originally posted by: ATLien247
So tell me, what are the half lives of the radioactive isotopes released at Chernobyl? Twenty years is nothing!
In terms of the total radioactivity released:
approx 98.2% of the radioactivity released was from isotopes with half-lives of less than 1 year. Of the rest, the single greatest contributor (at about 0.6%) is Caesium - with a half life of about 30 years. About 0.0002% comes from plutonium and other actinides with very long half lives (>100 years).
In terms of the amount of radioactive material (moles):
The vast majority (about 67%) is Caesium isotopes. About 10% consists of very long lived isotopes.
In fact, it's not even as simple as that. The very long lived isotopes are highly refractory - which means that they don't vaporise or burn. Virtually none of these materials were distributed outside of about 2-3 miles from the reactor.
In terms of overall health effects, the most dangerous isotope was probably Iodine 131 - with a half-life of 8 days. This had very high activity is highly volatile and was spread over a wide area. This isotope has been responsible for hundreds of cases of thyroid cancer in the nearby population. However, after about 3 months, the residual contribution of this isotope was neligable.
For the environment in general - Caesium isotopes are probably the most significant. Widely distributed and with a long half life - they are likely to continue contributing to the overall population dose for a considerable period of time. It's goin to be difficult (if not impossible) to truely predict just how much effect this will have. Thankfully, in many areas, the effective ecological half-life has proven to be considerably less than the radiological half life (the isotopes have either leached deeply into the ground, out of reach of biological organisms, or has leached into rivers and been washed out to sea).
Nevertheless, within the exclusion zone, there are likely to be significant levels of activity from Caesium for 100 years or more.