Wow, IBM creates 7nm chips!

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Murloc

Diamond Member
Jun 24, 2008
5,382
65
91
It sounds enormously cost prohibitive. Getting this technology into production facilities is going to be a huge feat of engineering. All so we can get new gadgets that are even thinner, faster and with a longer battery life.
if there weren't millions of people spending money for better and better stuff they don't really need, they wouldn't be able to cover the tooling costs.
Consumerism can be good, I guess.
 

FerrelGeek

Diamond Member
Jan 22, 2009
4,669
266
126
That's great info. Thanks.

The industry has been working on EUV lithography technology for a long time. After 20nm processes are tapped out, EUV becomes necessary to achieve the next process. Very interesting stuff.

My brother works for ASML as a technician on their current Twin Scan immersion systems. It's fun talking to him about what's next in lithography tech. I guess ASML has been working on developing commercial production EUV machines since 2009.

The way the EUV light is created is pretty cool science too. They hit molten tin particles with a beam from a CO2 laser and that tin particle emits EUV wavelength light. The challenge becomes directing that light where you want it to go. In addition I guess the interior of the machine needs to have a complete vacuum as even particles of air will block or absorb the EUV light. Inside the machines the light is collected by ultrasmooth mirrors that can have no defects that would deform the light.

On top of all that science this article talks about what needs to go into the fabs that will be built to run this technology. Even cleaner clean rooms, vibration dampening for the buildings and equipment, the list goes on. It sounds enormously cost prohibitive. Getting this technology into production facilities is going to be a huge feat of engineering. All so we can get new gadgets that are even thinner, faster and with a longer battery life.
 

CountZero

Golden Member
Jul 10, 2001
1,796
36
86
The industry has been working on EUV lithography technology for a long time. After 20nm processes are tapped out, EUV becomes necessary to achieve the next process. Very interesting stuff.

My brother works for ASML as a technician on their current Twin Scan immersion systems. It's fun talking to him about what's next in lithography tech. I guess ASML has been working on developing commercial production EUV machines since 2009.

The way the EUV light is created is pretty cool science too. They hit molten tin particles with a beam from a CO2 laser and that tin particle emits EUV wavelength light. The challenge becomes directing that light where you want it to go. In addition I guess the interior of the machine needs to have a complete vacuum as even particles of air will block or absorb the EUV light. Inside the machines the light is collected by ultrasmooth mirrors that can have no defects that would deform the light.

On top of all that science this article talks about what needs to go into the fabs that will be built to run this technology. Even cleaner clean rooms, vibration dampening for the buildings and equipment, the list goes on. It sounds enormously cost prohibitive. Getting this technology into production facilities is going to be a huge feat of engineering. All so we can get new gadgets that are even thinner, faster and with a longer battery life.

It is worth noting that EUV hasn't been used in any production foundry process to date that I have heard of.

Instead of EUV starting at 20nm they moved to double patterning. In a chip you have layers of metal. 28nm+ those metals were each done once. So you'd have a single Metal 1 layer, single Metal 2 layer, etc so each of these would require one mask. Since EUV wasn't mature enough in order to get the wiring density necessary to take advantage on 20nm and smaller they moved to doing essentially two masks for a particular metal layer. So you'd have Metal 1 green and Metal 1 red, they are still on the same plane but now you have doubled the Metal 1 mask costs.

This is why TSMC 20nm didn't gain huge traction. It is still a planar fet but the mask costs are much higher. FinFet is expensive as well since they still use double and even triple patterning but you gain a lot more moving to finFet.
 

AMCRambler

Diamond Member
Jan 23, 2001
7,706
28
91
It is worth noting that EUV hasn't been used in any production foundry process to date that I have heard of.

Instead of EUV starting at 20nm they moved to double patterning. In a chip you have layers of metal. 28nm+ those metals were each done once. So you'd have a single Metal 1 layer, single Metal 2 layer, etc so each of these would require one mask. Since EUV wasn't mature enough in order to get the wiring density necessary to take advantage on 20nm and smaller they moved to doing essentially two masks for a particular metal layer. So you'd have Metal 1 green and Metal 1 red, they are still on the same plane but now you have doubled the Metal 1 mask costs.

This is why TSMC 20nm didn't gain huge traction. It is still a planar fet but the mask costs are much higher. FinFet is expensive as well since they still use double and even triple patterning but you gain a lot more moving to finFet.

Yeah I don't think anyone has production EUV running. Most of the foundries are working to stretch their current fabs and scanners product life for a few more nodes. EUV is next gen stuff. I bet Samsung is working on a fab for it though. Building the fab to support EUV will very time consuming. Getting the air purified(has to be something like 1000x more pure than current fab systems), somehow setting the building up to resist vibrations or absorb them, training staff on the new suits and clean room procedures, getting electric distribution circuits brought in with enough juice to run all the equipment and developing automatic wafer handling systems that will be able to handle the products and move them. The logistics are crazy.

The immersion systems had their own unique set of issues. The water purification systems required for immersion are pretty stringent. If there are any types of particles/contaminants in the water that the excimer lasers shine through you introduce defects into your overlay. Getting the fab facilities management to fix water purity issues was one problem my brothers group was always fighting. They get called in to diagnose product issues and the water being supplied to their machine was not in spec.

The scanners themselves are so expensive as well. I think I heard somewhere that the Twin Scans cost about 30 million euros apiece brand new. And a fab usual has several scanners. That's just one machine out of the whole setup.

I'd be interested to know what vendor's equipment IBM used to run that 7nm chip. It's obviously an R&D fab not producing any sort of volume but there are a couple companies making EUV scanners besides ASML. I don't think IBM is building their own scanner but maybe I'm wrong.
 

brianmanahan

Lifer
Sep 2, 2006
24,414
5,848
136
GaGH. I'll wait till thy are under 8 grand.
Or just steal them from the Federation.

good news buddy, these things are only 80$ at newegg now

and amd is coming out with 7nm mainstream

it's the future!

(i only responded cuz i was looking for techs last comment ever and i needed closure
)
 

brainhulk

Diamond Member
Sep 14, 2007
9,376
454
126

Greenman

Lifer
Oct 15, 1999
20,928
5,554
136
Does 7nm really matter for consumer computers? I don't remember what CPU is in the box i'm using now, probably something from the "quarter inch" node, it works just fine.
 

sdifox

No Lifer
Sep 30, 2005
96,936
16,201
126
Does 7nm really matter for consumer computers? I don't remember what CPU is in the box i'm using now, probably something from the "quarter inch" node, it works just fine.

You should visit the main anandtech site once in a while lol.
 
Reactions: ch33zw1z

thecoolnessrune

Diamond Member
Jun 8, 2005
9,671
580
126
Does 7nm really matter for consumer computers? I don't remember what CPU is in the box i'm using now, probably something from the "quarter inch" node, it works just fine.

I would say yes? Power savings are power savings. Scaling is scaling. I would say for Desktops we're certainly reaching a point (for now) of diminishing returns (the CPU in my Desktop is now more powerful than both the Sandy Bridge 8 core Xeons in my servers), but for Mobile, there's still plenty of gains to be made in introducing more power, or more power savings. For instance while Ryzen 4000 has reset the idea of multi-threaded power in a laptop, there's still plenty of gains to be made in battery life. And of course the antithesis of that is that the better battery life you get, the more its traded off instead for thinness. People will still want their 6 hour active battery life laptop that's less than 10mm thick.
 

FelixDeCat

Lifer
Aug 4, 2000
29,601
2,260
126
Does 7nm really matter for consumer computers? I don't remember what CPU is in the box i'm using now, probably something from the "quarter inch" node, it works just fine.

Exactly.

7nm? Who cares! Heck even 32nm works just fine for me.

For everything I do, a Sandy Bridge 2700k from 2011 works just fine. Sure Ive upgraded everything else, but the Heart of Rock and Roll is still beating. All my AMD experiences have been very bad so I will never choose them even if they go to .0001NM and give you a $1200 stimulus check just to buy it.
 

ultimatebob

Lifer
Jul 1, 2001
25,134
2,446
126
You should visit the main anandtech site once in a while lol.

He's got a point, though. We're getting to the point where the performance, heat generation, and power consumption benefits of a process shrink are starting to diminish for each generation. The 7 nm process tech will probably benefit smartphone processors more than it would benefit... say... a desktop or server processor.

That said, if Intel can't master 7 nm technology in house, they should probably purchase it from a competitor. They can certainly afford it.
 

Greenman

Lifer
Oct 15, 1999
20,928
5,554
136
I would say yes? Power savings are power savings. Scaling is scaling. I would say for Desktops we're certainly reaching a point (for now) of diminishing returns (the CPU in my Desktop is now more powerful than both the Sandy Bridge 8 core Xeons in my servers), but for Mobile, there's still plenty of gains to be made in introducing more power, or more power savings. For instance while Ryzen 4000 has reset the idea of multi-threaded power in a laptop, there's still plenty of gains to be made in battery life. And of course the antithesis of that is that the better battery life you get, the more its traded off instead for thinness. People will still want their 6 hour active battery life laptop that's less than 10mm thick.
Never thought about energy savings, good point.
 

sdifox

No Lifer
Sep 30, 2005
96,936
16,201
126
Exactly.

7nm? Who cares! Heck even 32nm works just fine for me.

For everything I do, a Sandy Bridge 2700k from 2011 works just fine. Sure Ive upgraded everything else, but the Heart of Rock and Roll is steal beating. All my AMD experiences have been very bad so I will never choose them even if they go to .0001NM and give you a $1200 stimulus check just to buy it.

Lol spoken like a true cultist
He's got a point, though. We're getting to the point where the performance, heat generation, and power consumption benefits of a process shrink are starting to diminish for each generation. The 7nm process tech will probably benefit smartphone processors more than it would benefit... say... a desktop or server processor.


That is because of Intel profit model decision, not because there is no gain to be made. Look at what Zen 2 architecture did for AMD. By switching to chiplets they delayed hitting the miniaturization wall.


PS I have yet to figure out multi quote lol


I mean look at this thing, once they update it, it will be able to pack 512 cores into 2U. Right now it is limited to 256 cores because of the mb's power envelope but this was basically a rushed job.

Epyc ROMEs are not being adopted quickly due to inertia mostly.
 
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FelixDeCat

Lifer
Aug 4, 2000
29,601
2,260
126

Wow so basically intel is shit now? And amd is king? Mind blown. How the tables have turned...

This is no big deal. Intel always comes back to take the crown. Remember the internal memory controller thing that put AMD ahead around 2004 and everyone was like "DAMN! Intel is dead! They'll never catch up!" Then they did, and took back the crown. It took AMD 10 years to get ahead again.

I congratulate AMD for pushing bleeding edge tech and making its shareholders rich, but I prefer stability and reliability, thank you.
 
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brianmanahan

Lifer
Sep 2, 2006
24,414
5,848
136
All my AMD experiences have been very bad so I will never choose them even if they go to .0001NM and give you a $1200 stimulus check just to buy it.

a long time ago, i was a fan of AMD and ATI

but when they fell behind i switched to intel and NVIDIA

at this point i'd probably consider AMD again, but my 8700k will probably last me another 5 years so who knows what things will be like then

shoot 5 years from now is as old as this thread is. anything could happen

we could be buying CPUs from aliens and installing them in our brains in 2025
 

manly

Lifer
Jan 25, 2000
11,836
2,795
136

Wow so basically intel is shit now? And amd is king? Mind blown. How the tables have turned...
Five years ago, Intel's process was about a generation ahead of other foundries. Now it's almost a generation behind. AMD has caught up after a decade in the wilderness, but remember they are fabless so the credit isn't all their's. Intel is still very profitable from (I believe) Cloud growth but if ARM servers ever catch on, they could be in real trouble.
 

ultimatebob

Lifer
Jul 1, 2001
25,134
2,446
126
Not really a huge deal that Intel is having issues, anyone that wants a good CPU buys AMD anyway.


(braces for flame war )

Most non-enthusiasts just buy a pre-built PC or Laptop from someone like Dell or Apple, who have little or no AMD options available right now. AMD apparently needs to step up their bribery game to nab those big OEM contracts.
 

sdifox

No Lifer
Sep 30, 2005
96,936
16,201
126
Most non-enthusiasts just buy a pre-built PC or Laptop from someone like Dell or Apple, who have little or no AMD options available right now. AMD apparently needs to step up their bribery game to nab those big OEM contracts.

AMD should probably start mandating minimum spec for the laptops/pcs using their new chips. What the OEMs did with the previous AMD chips really sank them.
 

Red Squirrel

No Lifer
May 24, 2003
68,434
12,605
126
www.anyf.ca
Most non-enthusiasts just buy a pre-built PC or Laptop from someone like Dell or Apple, who have little or no AMD options available right now. AMD apparently needs to step up their bribery game to nab those big OEM contracts.

Yeah would be nice to see prebuilds using AMD. I want to eventually upgrade my Pfsense box and since that faces the internet I don't really want to use Intel because of the backdoor and all the vulnerabilities. AMD is not 100% perfect either in that department but think they are still more secure.
 

FelixDeCat

Lifer
Aug 4, 2000
29,601
2,260
126
Not really a huge deal that Intel is having issues, anyone that wants a good CPU buys AMD anyway.


(braces for flame war )

Actually this just boils down to preference. Some people prefer Apple while others prefer Samsung. Then theres Ford vs. Chevy, blondes vs. red heads, boxers vs. briefs., etc.

In the end it really does not matter, just as long as you are happy and technology continues to progress.
 
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